lay downとは意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

lay down (三人称単数 現在形 lays down, 現在分詞 laying down, 過去形および過去分詞形 laid down)

1. (transitive) To give up, surrender, or yield (e.g. a weapon), usually by placing it on the ground.

   The police urged the gunman to lay down his weapon.

   Lay down your arms.

2. To place on the ground, e.g. a railway on a trackbed.
   • 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Chester (1848)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 57:

     He also thought nothing of laying down a railway in a war zone. For example, he was one of those behind the Grand Crimean Central Railway, built during the Crimean War [...].

3. (transitive) To intentionally take a fall while riding a motorcycle, in order to prevent a more serious collision.

   He laid down his brand-new Harley-Davidson to avoid the oncoming bus.

4. (transitive) To specify, institute, enact, assert firmly, state authoritatively, establish or formulate (rules または policies).

   Let's lay down the rules right at the beginning, so we are consistent.

   You've got to lay down the law with that boy.

   • 1893, William Morris, The Ideal Book

     Well, I lay it down, first, that a book quite unornamented can look actually and positively beautiful, and not merely un-ugly, if it be, so to say, architecturally good, which, by the by, need not add much to its price […]

   • 1963 February, “Diesel locomotive faults and their remedies”, in Modern Railways, page 103:

     Many of the faults reported in all categories should have been cleared by systematic fault-finding. Once a system of fault-finding has been laid down, staff must be made familiar with it and must follow the correct sequence of diagnosis step by step in the way set out in a fault-finding chart.

   • 2016 February 20, “Obituary: Antonin Scalia: Always right”, in The Economist:

     The law was written in words, and those ideally laid down bright lines for everyone to follow

5. To stock, store (e.g. wine) for the future. See also lay by.
6. (euphemistic, transitive) To euthanize an animal.
7. To sacrifice, especially in the phrase "to lay down one's life."
8. (intransitive, nonstandard, proscribed) To lie down; to place oneself in a reclined or horizontal position, on a bed or similar, for the purpose of resting.

   I feel a bit ill, so I'm going to go lay down for a while.

9. (nautical, dated) To draw the lines of a ship's hull at full size, before starting a build.

派生語

• lay down the law
• lay down the marker
• lay down one's arms
• lay down one's life

名詞

laydown (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 laydowns)

1. (usually uncountable) The act of laying something down.
   • 1992, T.S. Shuler et al., “Design and Construction of Asphalt Concrete Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders”, in Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders‎^[1], →ISBN, page 125:

     However, significant smoke was observed during laydown of this mixture.

2. (publishing) A physical mockup or layout of a page design.
   • 2006, Susan Linnet Cox, Photo Styling‎^[2], →ISBN, page 114:

     It was a week's worth of laydowns portraying the full line of athletic clothing for that season […]

3. (military) A pattern of deployment.
   • 1984, Ashton B. Carter et al., Ballistic Missile Defense‎^[3], →ISBN, page 141:

     The offense could contrive a variety of laydowns to intensify the defense's problems.

4. (bridge) A hand which is so strong that the declarer can simply expose it and claim the number of tricks required by his or her contract.
   • 2008, December 26, “Phillip Alder”, in Set the Toys Aside and Listen to What the Cards Are Saying‎^[4]:

     North-South rested in five spades, with grand slams in spades and clubs laydown.

5. (fishing) A tree fallen in water, where anglers might target fish.
   • 2007, February 7, “Tim Tucker”, in 10 tips for fishing fallen trees‎^[5]:

     The most important thing to consider when fishing laydowns is to perfectly position your boat before making your very first cast