descendとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /dɪˈsɛnd/
• ハイフネーション (米国発音): de‧scend; (英国発音): des‧cend
• 韻: -ɛnd

動詞

descend (三人称単数 現在形 descends, 現在分詞 descending, 過去形および過去分詞形 descended)

1. (intransitive) To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, for example by falling, flowing, walking, climbing etc.
   • 2002, John Griesemer, No One Thinks of Greenland: A Novel:

     Rudy felt a gust of fear rise in his chest, and he looked again in the mirror, but the hangar and stable were now beyond the rise, out of sight, he was descending so fast.

   • 1648, Thomas Fuller, The History of the University of Cambridge since the Conquest

     We will here descend to matters of later date.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 7:25:

     And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock.

2. (intransitive, poetic) To enter mentally; to retire.
   • 1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 2:

     [He] with holiest meditations fed, Into himself descended.

3. (intransitive, with on または upon) To make an attack, or incursion, as if from a vantage ground; to come suddenly and with violence.
   • 2013, Deltrice Alfred Grossmith, Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18:

     more aircraft descending on us than had done during previous visits from the snoopers in their usual ones and twos.

   • 1726, Alexander Pope, Odyssey:

   And on the suitors let thy wrath descend.

4. (intransitive) To come down to a lower, less fortunate, humbler, less virtuous, or worse, state or rank; to lower or abase oneself

   He descended from his high estate.

   • August 25, 1759, Samuel Johnson, The Idler No. 71

     He […] began to descend to familiar questions, endeavouring to accommodate his discourse to the grossness of rustic understandings.

5. (intransitive) To pass from the more general or important to the specific or less important matters to be considered.
6. (intransitive) To come down, as from a source, original, or stock
7. To be derived (from)
8. To proceed by generation or by transmission; to happen by inheritance.
   • 1765, William Blackstone, “Of Corporations”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book I (Of the Rights of Persons), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 469:

     As to eleemoſynary corporations, by the dotation the founder and his heirs are of common right the legal viſitors, to ſee that that property is rightly employed, which would otherwiſe have deſcended to the viſitor himſelf: […]

   • 1890, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 217:

     The possession of the sacred fire and of the ancestral sticks, carrying with it both political authority and priestly dignity, descends in the male line.

   The beggar may descend from a prince.

   A crown descends to the heir.

9. (intransitive, astronomy) To move toward the south, or to the southward.
10. (intransitive, music) To fall in pitch; to pass from a higher to a lower tone.
11. (transitive) To go down upon or along; to pass from a higher to a lower part of

    they descended the river in boats; to descend a ladder

    • 1816 February 13, [Lord Byron], “Parisina”, in The Siege of Corinth. A Poem. Parisina. A Poem, London: […] [T[homas] Davison] for John Murray, […], →OCLC, stanza XX, page 87, lines 536–537:

      But never tear his cheek descended, / And never smile his brow unbended; [...]

同意語

• go down

反意語

• ascend
• go up

派生語

• descend upon
• descender

関連する語

• descent

アナグラム

• scended