believeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English beleven, bileven, from 古期英語 belīefan (“to believe”), from Proto-West Germanic *bilaubijan (“to believe”), equivalent to be- +‎ leave (“to give leave または permission to, permit, allow, grant”). Cognate with Scots beleve (“to believe”), Middle Low German belö̂ven (“to believe”), Middle High German belouben (“to believe”).

A related term in 古期英語 was ġelīefan (“to be dear to; believe, trust”), from Proto-West Germanic *galaubijan (“to have faith, believe”), from Proto-Germanic *galaubijaną. Compare also 古期英語 ġelēafa (“belief, faith, confidence, trust”), 古期英語 lēof ("dear, valued, beloved, pleasant, agreeable" > English lief). Related also to North Frisian leauwjen (“to believe”), West Frisian leauwe (“to believe”), Dutch geloven (“to believe”), German glauben (“to believe”), Gothic ������������������ (galaubjan, “to hold dear, valuable, または satisfactory, approve of, believe”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /bɪˈliːv/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɪˈliv/, /bi-/, /bə-/
• 韻: -iːv
• Homophone: beleave
• ハイフネーション: be‧lieve

動詞

believe (三人称単数 現在形 believes, 現在分詞 believing, 過去形および過去分詞形 believed)

1. (transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing).

   Synonym: understand

   If you believe the numbers, you'll agree we need change.

   I believe there are faeries.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:1:

     FOꝛaſmuch as many haue taken in hande to ſet fooꝛth in oꝛder a declaration of thoſe things which are most ſurely beleeued among vs […]

   • 1898 September 1, Alexander E. Outerbridge Jr., “Curiosities of American Coinage”, in Popular Science Monthly‎^[1], volume 53, D. Appleton & Company, page 601:

     Many persons believe that the so-called "dollar of the daddies," weighing 412½ grains (nine tenths fine), having a ratio to gold of "16 to 1" in value when first coined, was the original dollar of the Constitution.

   • 2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8892:

     [Isaac Newton] was obsessed with alchemy. He spent hours copying alchemical recipes and trying to replicate them in his laboratory. He believed that the Bible contained numerological codes.

2. (transitive) To accept that someone is telling the truth.

   Synonyms: trust, (Cockney rhyming スラング) Adam and Eve

   Why did I ever believe you?

3. (intransitive) To have religious faith; to believe in a greater truth.

   After that night in the church, I believed.

   • 1604, Jeremy Corderoy, A Short Dialogve, wherein is Proved, that No Man can be Saved without Good VVorkes, 2nd edition, Oxford: Printed by Ioseph Barnes, and are to be sold in Paules Church-yard at the signe of the Crowne, by Simon Waterson, →OCLC, page 40:

     [N]ow ſuch a liue vngodly, vvithout a care of doing the wil of the Lord (though they profeſſe him in their mouths, yea though they beleeue かつ acknowledge all the Articles of the Creed, yea haue knowledge of the Scripturs) yet if they liue vngodly, they deny God, and therefore ſhal be denied, […]

4. (transitive) To opine, think, reckon.

   Do you think this is good? —Hmm, I believe it's okay.

   • 2017 February 1, Stephen Buranyi, quoting Marcel van Assen, “The high-tech war on science fraud”, in The Guardian‎^[2]:

     “Some people believe him charismatic,” Van Assen told me. “I am less sensitive to it.”

使用する際の注意点

• The transitive verb believe and the phrasal verb believe in are similar but can have very different implications.
  • To “believe” someone or something means to accept specific pieces of information as truth: believe the news, believe the lead witness. To “believe a complete stranger” means to accept a stranger's story with little evidence.
  • To “believe in” someone or something means to hold confidence and trust in that person or concept: believe in liberty, believe in God. To “believe in one's fellow man” means to place trust and confidence in mankind.
• Meanings sometimes overlap. To believe in a religious text would also require affirming the truth of at least the major tenets. To believe a religious text might likewise imply placing one's confidence and trust in it, in addition to accepting its statements as facts.
• This is generally a stative verb that rarely takes the continuous inflection. See Category:English stative verbs

反意語

• disbelieve
• (to accept as true without certainty): doubt
• (to accept someone's telling as true): mistrust, distrust, suspect

派生語

関連する語

• belief
• disbelief