faithとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English faith, fayth, feith, feyth (also fay, fey, fei ("faith"); > English fay (“faith”)), borrowed from Old French fay, fey, fei, feit, feid (“faith”), from Latin fidēs (faith, belief, trust; whence also English fidelity), from fīdō (“trust, confide in”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰidʰ-, zero-grade of *bʰeydʰ- ("to command, persuade, trust"; whence also English bide).

Old French had [θ] as a final devoiced allophone of /ð/ from lenited Latin /d/; this eventually fell silent in the 12th century. The -th of the Middle English forms is most straightforwardly accounted for as a direct borrowing of a French [θ]. However, it has also been seen as arising from alteration of a French form with -d under influence of English abstract nouns in the suffix -th (e.g. truth, ruth, health, etc.), or as a recharacterisation of a French form like fay, fey, fei with the same suffix, thus making the word equivalent to fay +‎ -th.

発音

• IPA^(key): /feɪθ/
• 韻: -eɪθ

名詞

faith (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 faiths)

1. A trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal from prior empirical evidence.

   The faithfulness of Old Faithful gives us faith in it.

   I have faith in the goodness of my fellow man.

   You need to have faith in yourself, that you can overcome your shortcomings and become a good person.

   • 1999, Nicholas Walker, “The Reorientation of Critical Theory: Habermas”, in Simon Glemdinning, editor, The Edinburgh Encyclopedia of Continental Philosophy‎^[1], Routledge, →ISBN, page 489:

     […] with a mentality anchored in a profoundly influential and persistent hostility to central features of the Enlightment faith in the theoretical and practical autonomy of the human subject.

2. The process of forming or understanding abstractions, ideas, or beliefs, without empirical evidence, experience or observation.

   I have faith that my prayers will be answered.

   I have faith in the healing power of crystals.

3. A religious or spiritual belief system.
   • 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson, Lyndon B. Johnson inaugural address: January 20, 1965‎^[2], CBS News, 18:00 from the start:

     For we are a nation of believers. Underneath the clamor of building and the rush of our day's pursuits, we are believers in justice and liberty and union, and in our own Union. We believe that every man must someday be free. And we believe in ourselves.
     That is the mistake that our enemies have always made. In my lifetime--in depression and in war--they have awaited our defeat. Each time, from the secret places of the American heart, came forth the faith they could not see or that they could not even imagine. It brought us victory. And it will again.

   The Christian faith.

   We seek justice for the Indo-European Folk Faith; what's wrong in our literature for that?

   • 2020 March 27, “Dafa Taught Me How to Be a Good Person”, in Minghui‎^[3]:

     Gradually I realized that I needed a faith to rely on.

4. An obligation of loyalty or fidelity and the observance of such an obligation.

   He acted in good faith to restore broken diplomatic ties after defeating the incumbent.

5. (obsolete) Credibility or truth.
   • (Can we date this quote by Mitford かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     the faith of the foregoing narrative

引用

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:faith.

同意語

• (knowing, without direct observation, based on indirect evidence かつ experience, that something is true, real, または will happen): belief, confidence, trust, conviction
• (system of religious belief): religion

下位語

• (religious belief system): Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Bahá'í Faith, Wicca, Eckankar, Raëlism, Zoroastrianism, New Age, Unitarian Universalism, Jainism, Shinto, LaVeyan Satanism, Scientology, Taoism, Yoruba, Druidry, paganism, Juche, Cao Dai, Confucianism, Spiritism, humanism, Rastafarianism, Tenrikyo

派生語

関連する語

参照

• faith at OneLook Dictionary Search
• faith in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• faith in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• faith in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

アナグラム

• hatif