patronageとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈpeɪtɹənɪd͡ʒ/

名詞

patronage (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 patronages)

1. The act of providing approval and support; backing; championship.

   His vigorous patronage of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives.

2. Customers collectively; clientele; business.

   The restaurant had an upper-class patronage.

   • 1961 October, “The winter timetables of British Railways: Western Region”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 590-591:

     The improved service to and from Taunton is fully justified by the passenger patronage to and from this town, which is a railhead for a large surrounding area.

   Hyponym: ridership

3. A communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient; condescension; disdain.
4. (politics) Granting favours or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.
   • 2015, Thomas J. Gradel, Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality, University of Illinois Press (→ISBN), page 117:

     Patronage, nepotism, cronyism, abuse of power, and criminal activity flourish, sometimes for decades, in numerous town halls, police stations, and special-purpose government agencies in the suburbs.

5. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.
   • 1864, Eliza Farnham, Woman and Her Era:

     Each of the Arts whose office is to refine, purify, adorn, embellish and grace life is under the patronage of a Muse, no god being found worthy to preside over them.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Addison to this entry?)

6. The right of nomination to political office.
7. (Britain, law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
   • {{RQ:Blackstone Comm|passage=Advowson is the right of presentation to a church, or ecclesiastical benefice. Advowson, advocatio, signifies the taking into protection; and therefore is synonymous with patronage

動詞

patronage (三人称単数 現在形 patronages, 現在分詞 patronaging, 過去形および過去分詞形 patronaged)

1. (transitive) To support by being a patron of.
   • 2003, Hubert Michael Seiwert, Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History, →ISBN, page 62:

     Mingdi continued the policy of his father who had patronaged Confucian learning.

   • 2004, C.K. Gandhirajan, Organized Crime‎^[1], APH Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, page 147:

     Table 5.4 reveals the role of criminal gangs’ patron under each crime category. From this, we can understand that 74 percent of the mercenaries are patronaged and supported by the politicians either of the ruling or opposition party.

   • 2007, Stefaan Fiers and Ineke Secker, “6, A Career through the Party”, in Maurizio Cotta and Heinrich Best, editors, Democratic Representation in Europe‎^[2], Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 138:

     To summarize: a person with a party political background is thus defined as ‘a person that has served in (a) […] and/or (b) a non-elective position inside the party administration of patronaged position in another organisation, i.e. the political functionary’.

2. (transitive) To be a regular customer or client of; to patronize

   Synonyms: support, keep going

   • c. 1880,, The Primary Teacher‎^[3], volume 3, New-England Publishing Company, page 63:

     This house is largely patronaged by the professors and students of many of the Educational Institutions of New England and the Middle States; and all perons visiting New York, either for business or pleasure, will find this an excellent place at which to stop.

   • 1902 May 1, Oregon Poultry Journal‎^[4], page 27:

     Mr. F. A. Welch, of the Oak View Poultry Farm, Salem, starts an add with us this issue. […] Our readers will be treated well, if they patronage Mr. Welch.

   • 2002, Kevin Fox Gotham, Race, Real Estate, and Uneven Development‎^[5], SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 28:

     Most public establishments catered to Blacks, and Whites actively patronaged some black-owned businesses (Martin 1982, 6, 9–11; Slingsby 1980, 31–32).