act orとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Middle English actour, from Anglo-Norman actor, Middle French actor, and their source, Latin āctor (“doer”), from agō (“to do”). Equivalent to act +‎ -or. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκτωρ (áktōr, “leader”), from ἄγω (ágō, “lead, carry, convey, bring”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈak.tə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈæk.tɚ/
• Homophone: acter
• 韻: -æktə(ɹ)

名詞

actor (plural actors, feminine actress, or (nonstandard) actoress)

1. (obsolete, law) Someone who institutes a legal suit; a plaintiff or complainant. [13th–19th c.]
2. (obsolete) Someone acting on behalf of someone else; a guardian. [14th–18th c.]
3. Someone or something that takes part in some action; a doer, an agent. [from 15th c.]
   • 1792, Charlotte Smith, Desmond, Broadview, published 2001, page 373:

     Never, my dear Bethel, did the most feverish dreams of fiction produce scenes more painful, or more terrific, than the real events to which I have been an actor, since the date of my last letter.

4. A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]
   • 1991, Ani DiFranco (lyrics かつ music), “Anticipate”, in Not So Soft:

     Seems like everyone's an actor / Or they're an actor's best friend / I wonder what was wrong to begin with / That they should all have to pretend

   • 2017 April 2, “Marijuana”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 4, episode 7, via HBO:

     Exactly. Marijuana is something we just all gradually decided is okay, like Mark Wahlberg as a serious actor. “You know what? Sure, I’ve decided I’m fine with that.”

   • 2010, Peter Corris, Torn Apart, Allen and Unwin, page 88:

     "I'm an actress -- actor, as we have to say these days."

5. (obsolete, Ancient Rome) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes. [16th–19th c.]
6. (grammar) The subject performing the action of a verb. [from 18th c.]
7. (software engineering) The entity that performs a role (in use case analysis).

使用する際の注意点

• In the sense of a person who acts in a play or film, the traditional sense of the word only applied to male actors, the term actress being used for the female counterpart.

同意語

• (person who performs in a theatrical play または film): performer, player
• (one who acts): doer
• (one who takes part): participant
• (a plaintiff): complainant, plaintiff
• (entity performing a role in use case analysis): role

反意語

• (grammatical role): undergoer

下位語

• (person who performs in a theatrical play または film): actress
• enactor
• reenactor

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Scottish Gaelic: actair
• → Welsh: actor

Further reading

• “actor”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “actor”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• actor at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• Cator, Croat, Croat., carto-, rocta, taroc

Latin

語源

Agent noun formed from āctus +‎ -tor, perfect passive participle of agō (“do, act, make”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaːk.tor/, [ˈäːkt̪ɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈak.tor/, [ˈäkt̪or]

名詞

āctor m (genitive āctōris, feminine āctrīx); third declension

1. a doer, an agent
2. An actor (person who performs in a theatrical play または movie).
3. A (law) prosecutor, plaintiff, advocate, orator.

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

関連する語

• āctiō
• āctrīx
• āctus
• agitō

派生した語

参照

• “actor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “actor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• actor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• actor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium
    
• “actor”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[2]
• “actor”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “actor”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• “actor”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin