flourishとは意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• florysh, floryshe (廃れた用法)

語源

From Middle English floryschen, from Old French floriss-, stem of some conjugated forms of florir (compare French fleurir), from Vulgar Latin *florīre, from Latin flōreō (“I bloom”) (かつ conjugation partly from flōrēscō), from flōs (“flower”). See flower + -ish.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈflʌɹ.ɪʃ/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈflʌɹ.ɪʃ/, /ˈflɝ.ɪʃ/
  • (hypercorrection) IPA^(key): /ˈflʊɹ.ɪʃ/
• (accents with the hurry–furry merger)
• 韻: -ʌɹɪʃ, (hypercorrection) -ʊɹɪʃ

動詞

flourish (三人称単数 現在形 flourishes, 現在分詞 flourishing, 過去形および過去分詞形 flourished)

1. (intransitive) To thrive or grow well.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients‎^[1], page 1:

     'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

   The barley flourished in the warm weather.

2. (intransitive) To prosper or fare well.

   The town flourished with the coming of the railway.

   The cooperation flourished as the customers rushed in the business.

   • 1795, Robert Nelson, A Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England

     Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means of their wickedness.

   • 1792, Anthony à Wood, The History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford: In Two Books‎^[2], volume 1, Oxford: John Gutch, OCLC 642441055, page 661:

     One hall called Civil Law Hall or School, flouriſhed about this time (though in its buildings decayed) by the care of the learned and judicious Dr. Will. Warham Principal or Moderator thereof […]

3. (intransitive) To be in a period of greatest influence.

   His writing flourished before the war.

4. (transitive) To develop; to make thrive; to expand.
   • a. 1627 (date written)​, Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, OCLC 557721855, page 4:

     But all that I ſhall ſay in this vvhole Argument, vvill be but like Bottomes of Thred, cloſe vvound vp, vvhich vvith a good Needle (perhaps) may be flouriſhed into large VVorkes.

5. (transitive) To make bold, sweeping movements with.

   They flourished the banner as they stormed the palace.

   The squirrel flourished its fluffy tail about as an alarm signal after its narrow escape from the cat.

6. (intransitive) To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and irregular motion.
   • 1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin; London: […] A. Dodd, OCLC 1033416756:

     Impetuous spread the stream, and smoking flourished o'er his head.

7. (intransitive) To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical figures and lofty expressions.
   • 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, OCLC 1325830848:

     They dilate […] and flourish long upon little incidents.

8. (intransitive) To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to write graceful, decorative figures.
9. (transitive) To adorn with beautiful figures or rhetoric; to ornament with anything showy; to embellish.
   • 1716, Elijah Fenton, an ode to John Gower

     With shadowy verdure flourish'd high,

     A sudden youth the groves enjoy.

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:

     To bring you thus together, 'tis no sin, Sith that the justice of your title to him Doth flourish the deceit.

10. (intransitive) To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of music, by way of ornament or prelude.
    • c. 1588–1593, William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene ii]:

      Why do the emperor's trumpets flourish thus?

11. (intransitive, obsolete) To boast; to vaunt; to brag.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:prosper

名詞

flourish (複数形 flourishes)

1. A dramatic gesture such as the waving of a flag.

   With many flourishes of the captured banner, they marched down the avenue.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 1, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, OCLC 57395299, page 1:

     This is my substitute for pistol and ball. With a philosophical flourish Cato throws himself upon his sword; I quietly take to the ship.

2. An ornamentation.

   His signature ended with a flourish.

4. (music) A ceremonious passage such as a fanfare.

   The trumpets blew a flourish as they entered the church.

5. (architecture) A decorative embellishment on a building.