sternとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: stûn, IPA^(key): /stɜːn/
• (General American) enPR: stûrn, IPA^(key): /stɝn/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)n

語源 1

From Middle English stern, sterne, sturne, from 古期英語 styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”), from Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”), Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”), Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”), Swedish stursk (“insolent”).

形容詞

stern (comparative sterner, superlative sternest)

1. Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner.
   • 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], OCLC 837166078, [verse 17]; 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], 1594, OCLC 701755207, lines [97–100]:

     I haue beene wooed, as I intreat thee now, / Euen by the ſterne, and direfull God of warre, / VVhoſe ſinowie necke in battel nere did bow, / VVho conquers where he comes in euery iarre; […]

   • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis; John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The First Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], OCLC 80026745:

     stern as tutors, and as uncles hard

   • 2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

     Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.

2. Grim and forbidding in appearance.
   • 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion

     these barren rocks, your stern inheritance

語源 2

Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.

名詞

stern (複数形 sterns)

Stern of the VOC ship 'Amsterdam' (replica)

1. (nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Old Applegate, in the stern, just set and looked at me, and Lord James, amidship, waved both arms and kept hollering for help. I took a couple of everlasting big strokes and managed to grab hold of the skiff's rail, close to the stern.

2. (figuratively) The post of management or direction.
   • 1591, William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:

     and sit chiefest stern of public weal

3. The hinder part of anything.
4. The tail of an animal; now used only of the tail of a dog.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book I, canto I, stanza 18, page 8:

     And all attonce her beaſtly bodie raizd / With doubled forces high aboue the ground: / Tho wrapping vp her wrethed ſterne arownd, / Lept fierce vpon his ſhield, [...]

同意語

• (of a ship): poop

反意語

• bow

派生語

• from stem to stern
• sternpost

参考

• keel
• aft

動詞

stern (三人称単数 現在形 sterns, 現在分詞 sterning, 過去形および過去分詞形 sterned)

1. (obsolete, transitive, intransitive) To steer, to direct the course of (a ship).
2. (transitive, intransitive, nautical) To propel or move backward or stern-first in the water.

語源 3

From a variant of tern.

名詞

stern (複数形 sterns)

1. A bird, the black tern.

アナグラム

• 'rents, Ernst, Snert, nerts, rents, snert, terns