alcoholとは |
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| 主な意味 | アルコール、酒精、酒精飲料、酒 |
| 音節 | al・co・hol | 発音記号・読み方 |
alcoholの |
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alcoholの | レベル：3英検：準2級以上の単語学校レベル：高校2年以上の水準TOEIC L&Rスコア：470点以上の単語大学入試：センター試験対策レベル |
Wiktionary英語版での「alcohol」の意味 |
alcohol
語源
Ultimately from an Arabic term which first entered European alchemical jargon, and then entered general use. It reached English in the 1500s via Old Spanish and/or Old French alcohol (modern French alcool).
Since at least the 1600s,[1] some authorities have suggested اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”) as the Arabic etymon; this suggestion is found for example in Webster's Third New International Dictionary.
Other authorities, including Rachel Hajar, suggest that the ultimate etymon was the classical Arabic term اَلْغَوْل (al-ḡawl) or غَوْل (ḡawl, “bad effect, evil result of headache”) (as used in Qur’an verse 37:47 (Arabic), which refers to drink in which there is no "ghawl").[2][3]
- Bartholomew Traheron in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" (Moorish) authors for "fine powder": the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.
- William Johnson in his 1657 Lexicon Chymicum glosses the word as antimonium sive stibium. By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine", the distilled essence of wine.
- Libavius in Alchymia (1594) has vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum.
- Johnson (1657) glosses alcohol vini as quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat.
The word's meaning became restricted to "spirit of wine" (ethanol) in the 18th century, then was extended to the entire family of substances which are now called "alcohol" in modern chemistry after 1850.
発音
名詞
alcohol (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 alcohols)
- (organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
- (colloquial) Ethanol.
- (uncountable) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.
- (obsolete) Any very fine powder.
派生語
参照
- ^ 1672 per the OED
- ^ Etymology of Alcohol
- ^ Nicolae Sfetcu, Health & Drugs: Disease, Prescription & Medication (2014)
Latin
Inflection
Third declension neuter.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | alcohol | alcohola |
| genitive | alcoholis | alcoholum |
| dative | alcoholī | alcoholibus |
| accusative | alcohol | alcohola |
| ablative | alcohole | alcoholibus |
| vocative | alcohol | alcohola |
関連する語
「alcohol」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 15096件
to abstain from alcohol例文帳に追加
酒を断つ - EDR日英対訳辞書
Please cut down on alcohol [the amount of alcohol you take].例文帳に追加
酒の量を減らして下さい. - 研究社 新和英中辞典
also called alcohol dependence.例文帳に追加
「alcohol dependence（アルコール依存症）」とも呼ばれる。 - PDQ®がん用語辞書 英語版
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