torpedoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

• Borrowed from Latin torpēdō (“a torpedo fish; numbness, torpidity, electric ray”), from torpeō (“I am stiff, numb, torpid; I am astounded; I am inactive”) +‎ -ēdō (noun suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”). In the military sense coined by Robert Fulton in 1805. Cognate with 古期英語 steorfan (“to die”), Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”), Lithuanian tirpstu (“to become rigid”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti).
• (type of car): From 1908, after "the Torpedo", a car designed by Captain Theo Masui.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌtɔː(ɹ)ˈpiː.dəʊ/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌtoɹˈpi.doʊ/
• ハイフネーション: tor‧pe‧do
• 韻: -iːdəʊ

名詞

torpedo (複数形 torpedoes または torpedos)

1. (zoology) An electric ray of the genus Torpedo.
   • 1594 (first publication), Christopher Marlow[e], The Trovblesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edvvard the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I]:

     Faire Queene, forbeare to angle for the fiſh, / Which being caught, ſtrikes him that takes it dead, / I meane that vile Torpedo, Gaueſton, / That now I hope flotes on the Iriſh Seas

   • 1790, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Men‎^[1]:

     The man has been changed into an artificial monster by the station in which he is born, and the consequent homage that benumbed his faculties like the torpedo's touch […] .

   • 1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 286:

     "A childhood Misadventure with a Torpedo," Dixon, with a brief move of his head toward Mason, confides, "— thus his Sensitivity at all References to the,"— whispering,— "electrickal!"

2. (military) A cylindrical explosive projectile that can travel underwater and is used as a weapon. [from 1805]

   Synonyms: torp, fish

   1. (science fiction) A similar projectile that can travel through space.
3. (regional) A submarine sandwich.

   Synonym: sub

4. (archaic, military) A naval mine.
5. (obsolete, military) An explosive device buried underground and set off remotely, to destroy fortifications, troops, or cavalry; a land torpedo.
6. (slang) A professional gunman or assassin.
7. (rail transport, US) A small explosive device attached to the top of the rail to provide an audible warning when a train passes over it.

   Synonym: (英国用法) detonator

8. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object.
9. (historical) An automobile with a streamlined profile and a folding or detachable soft top, and having the hood or bonnet line raised to be level with the car's waistline, resulting in a straight beltline from front to back.
10. (neuroscience) A focal ovoid swelling on the axons of Purkinje cells, observed in several diseases such as essential tremor and spinocerebellar ataxia.
    • 2016 November 2, Lovisa Ljungberg, Daneck Lang-Ouellette, Angela Yang, Sriram Jayabal, Sabrina Quilez, Alanna J. Watt, “Transient Developmental Purkinje Cell Axonal Torpedoes in Healthy and Ataxic Mouse Cerebellum”, in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, volume 10, →DOI, article 248, page 1:

      In several human neurodegenerative diseases, focal axonal swellings on Purkinje cells – known as torpedoes – have been associated with Purkinje cell loss. Interestingly, torpedoes are also reported to appear transiently during development in rat cerebellum.

11. (slang, chiefly US, usually in the plural) A woman's shoe with a pointed toe. [1910s]
12. (slang, chiefly US, usually in the plural) A large breast; a breast with a large nipple. [from 1960s]
13. (slang) A marijuana cigarette.

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:marijuana cigarette

    1. A thick marijuana cigarette. [1940s]
    2. A cigarette containing marijuana and crack cocaine. [from 1980s]

派生語

関連する語

• torpid

動詞

torpedo (三人称単数 現在形 torpedoes, 現在分詞 torpedoing, 過去形および過去分詞形 torpedoed)

1. To strike (a ship) with one or more torpedoes.
2. To sink (a ship) with one or more torpedoes.
3. (figurative) To undermine or destroy any endeavor with a stealthy, powerful attack.
   • 2021 March 7, David Hytner, “Manchester United catch City cold as Fernandes and Shaw end winning run”, in The Guardian‎^[2]:

     The left-back had been a selection concern because of an injury niggle but his first goal since last March swung this derby decisively in United’s favour, extending their club record unbeaten run away from home in the Premier League to 22 games and torpedoing City’s sequence of 21 straight wins in all competitions.

アナグラム

• optrode, pet door, toe drop, trooped

Latin

語源

torpeō (“I am stiff または numb”) +‎ -ēdō.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /torˈpeː.doː/, [t̪ɔrˈpeːd̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /torˈpe.do/, [t̪orˈpɛːd̪o]

名詞

torpēdō f (genitive torpēdinis); third declension

1. lethargy, inertness, sluggishness
2. torpedo fish

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生した語

参照

• “torpedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “torpedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• torpedo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)