logとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /lɒɡ/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /lɔɡ/
• (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA^(key): /lɑɡ/
• 韻: -ɒɡ, -ɔːɡ

語源 1

From Middle English logg, logge (first recorded in Anglo-Latin as loggum), of uncertain origin^[1], but probably from Old Norse lóg, lág (“felled tree, log”), derived from Old Norse liggja (“to lie”). If so, then cognate with Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), Dutch loog (“wood, timber, lumber”).

Alternatively, directly from Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), which could have been borrowed through the Norwegian timber trade.^[2] However the Old Norse/Middle Norwegian vowel is long while Middle English vowel is short.^[3]

名詞

log (複数形 logs)

1. The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.

   They walked across the stream on a fallen log.

2. Any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.
   • 1995, New American Standard Bible: Matthew 7, 3 - 5‎^[1]:

     Why do you look at the speck that is in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, "Let me take the speck out of your eye," and behold, the log is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.

3. A unit of length equivalent to 16 feet, used for measuring timber, especially the trunk of a tree.
4. Anything shaped like a log; a cylinder.
   • 1999, Glen Duncan, Hope:

     […] it was a thing of sinuous durability, wound around the spirit like a tapeworm around a log of shit.

   • 2011, Edward Espe Brown, The Complete Tassajara Cookbook:

     Dip both sides in the sauce on the plate and then arrange a log of cheese filling down the middle of the tortilla.

5. (nautical) A floating device, usually of wood, used in navigation to estimate the speed of a vessel through water.

   Hyponyms: chip log, taffrail log

   • 1659, Navigation by the Mariners Plain Scale New Plain'd, by John Collins

     Every Noon the Master and his Mates take the reckoning off the Log-board, and double the Knots run, and then divide the Product, which is the number of Miles run by three, the quotient is the Leagues run since the former Noon, and according to custom the Log is thrown every two hours, and I never knew the course nearer expressed on the Log-board, then to half a point of the Compass.

6. (figuratively) A blockhead; a very stupid person.
7. (surfing slang) A heavy longboard.
   • 1999, Neal Miyake [2]

     I know he hadn’t surfed on a log much in his childhood

8. (figuratively) A rolled cake with filling.

   Hyponyms: Swiss roll, Yule log

9. (mining) A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave.
10. (vulgar) A piece of feces.
11. (vulgar) A penis.

派生語

動詞

log (三人称単数 現在形 logs, 現在分詞 logging, 過去形および過去分詞形 logged)

1. (transitive) To cut trees into logs.
2. (transitive) To cut down (trees).
   • 2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

     Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

3. (intransitive) To cut down trees in an area, harvesting and transporting the logs as wood.

派生語

語源 2

From logbook, itself from log (above) + book, from a wooden float (chip log, または simply log) used to measure speed.

名詞

log (複数形 logs)

1. A logbook, or journal of a vessel's (または aircraft's) progress.
   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

     The captain sat down to his log, and here is the beginning of the entry:...

2. A chronological record of actions, performances, computer/network usage, etc.
3. (computer science) Specifically, an append-only sequence of records written to file.

派生語

動詞

log (三人称単数 現在形 logs, 現在分詞 logging, 過去形および過去分詞形 logged)

1. (transitive) To make, to add an entry (または more) in a log or logbook.

   to log the miles travelled by a ship

2. (transitive) To travel (a distance) as shown in a logbook.
3. (transitive) To travel at a specified speed, as ascertained by a chip log.

派生語

動詞

log (三人称単数 現在形 logs, 現在分詞 logging, 過去形および過去分詞形 logged)

1. (obsolete) To move to and fro; to rock.

語源 4

From Hebrew לֹג‎.

名詞

log (複数形 logs)

1. (historical units of measure) A Hebrew unit of liquid volume (about ¹⁄₃ liter).
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Leviticus 14:10:

     ...and one log of oil...

   • 1902, Jewish Encyclopedia, s.v. "Weights and Measures":

     In the Hebrew system the log (Lev. xiv. 10) corresponds to the mina. Since the Hellenistic writers equate the log with the Græco-Roman sextarius, whatever these writers say on the relation of the sextarius to other measures applies also to the relation of these measures to the log. The log and the sextarius, however, are not equal in capacity. The sextarius is estimated at .547 liter, while there is no reason to regard the log as larger than the Babylonian mina, especially as other references of the Greek metrologists support the assumption that the log was equal to the mina. The fact that in the Old Testament the log is mentioned only as a fluid measure may be merely accidental, for the dry measures, which are distinguished in all other cases from the liquid measures, also have the log as their unit. The corresponding dry measure may, however, have been known under a different name.

Meronyms

• cab, kab (4 logs); hin (12 logs); bath (72 logs); cor, kor, homer, chomer (720 logs)

語源 5

A clipping of logarithm.

名詞

log (複数形 logs)

1. Synonym of logarithm.

   To multiply two numbers, add their logs.

2. (sciences) A difference of one in the logarithm, usually in base 10; an order of magnitude.
   • 1978, F. J. Silverblatt; I. Ofek, “Influence of Pili on the Virulence of Proteus mirabilis in Experimental Hematogenous Pyelonephritis”, in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 138, number 5, →DOI:

     During the first 24 hr, however, titers of the lightly piliated organisms in the kidney increased by 4 logs, whereas the heavily piliated P. mirabilis were virtually all eliminated.

派生語

参考

• bandar log

参照

• log in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• "Weights and Measures" at Oxford Biblical Studies Online

アナグラム

• Glo.

別の表記

• lōh

発音

• IPA^(key): /loːɡ/, [loːɣ]

語源 1

From Proto-Germanic *lōgą (“site, situation, camp”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to be situated, lie”). Cognate with Old Frisian lōch (“place, locality”), Old High German luog (“cave, den, cubicle”), Old Norse lóg (“place”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Greek λέκτρον (léktron), Latin lectus (“bed”), Albanian log (“place for men, gathering”), Proto-Celtic *leg- (Old Irish lige, Irish luighe), Proto-Slavic *ležati (Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ)).

名詞

lōg n

1. a place, stead

   on his lōg ― in his place; instead of him

語形変化

派生語

• lōhsceaft

関連する語

派生した語

• Middle English: loȝ, loogh, lough

語源 2

Inflected forms.

動詞

lōg

1. first-person singular preterite of lēan
2. third-person singular preterite of lēan

語源

From French -logue, from Ancient Greek -λόγος (-lógos, “one who speaks (in a certain manner)”).

発音

• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /lɒɡ/

接尾辞

-log

1. Discourse of a specified kind.
2. Compilation.
3. (rare) -logist.

派生語

アナグラム

• Glo.