engenderとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdʒɛn.də/, /ɛnˈdʒɛn.də/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ɛnˈdʒɛn.dɚ/, /ɪnˈdʒɛn.dɚ/
• 韻: -ɛndə(ɹ)

語源 1

From Middle French engendrer, from Latin ingenerāre, from in- + generāre (“to generate”).

別の表記

• engendre [14th–16th c.], ingender [15th–17th c.]

動詞

engender (三人称単数 現在形 engenders, 現在分詞 engendering, 過去形および過去分詞形 engendered)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To beget (of a man); to bear or conceive (of a woman). [14th–19th c.]
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iii], page 129, column 1:

     O Error ſoone conceyu’d,
     Thou neuer com’ſt vnto a happy byrth,
     But kil’ſt the Mother that engendred thee.

2. (transitive) To give existence to, to produce (living creatures). [from 14th c.]
   • 1891, Henry James, "James Russell Lowell", Essays in London and Elsewhere, p.60:

     Like all interesting literary figures, he is full of tacit as well as of uttered reference to the conditions that engendered him […].

3. (transitive) To bring into existence (a situation, quality, result etc.); to give rise to, cause, create. [from 14th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, “Of Crueltie”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821, page 243:

     ME thinkes vertue is another manner of thing, and much more noble than the inclinations vnto goodneſſe, which in vs are ingendered.

   • 1928, "New Plays in Manhattan", Time, 8 Oct.:

     Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart managed to engender "Better Be Good to Me" and "I Must Love You," but they were neither lyrically nor musically up to standards of their Garrick Gaieties or A Connecticut Yankee.

   • 2009, Jonathan Glancey, "The art of industry", The Guardian, 21 Dec.:

     Manufacturing is not simply about brute or emergency economics. It's also about a sense of involvement and achievement engendered by shaping and crafting useful, interesting, well-designed things.

4. (intransitive) To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced.
   • a. 1700, John Dryden, transl., “Ovid’s Metamorphoses”, in Poems on Various Occasions; and Translations from Several Authors, London: Jacob Tonson, published 1701, book I, page 147:

     Thick Clouds are ſpread, and Storms engender there,
     And Thunders Voice, which wretched Mortals fear,
     And Winds that on their Wings, cold Winter bear.

5. (obsolete, intransitive) To copulate, to have sex. [15th–19th c.]
   • 1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Kingdome of Darknesse”, in Leviathan, Or The Matter Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: Andrew Crooke, page 343:

     But that the bodies of the Reprobate, who make the Kingdome of Satan, ſhall alſo be glorious, or ſpirituall bodies, or that they ſhall bee as the Angels of God, neither eating, nor, drinking, nor engendering […], there is no place of Scripture to prove it […]

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554, lines 790–800:

     I fled, but he purſu’d (though more, it ſeems,
     Inflam’d with luſt then rage) and ſwifter far,
     Me overtook his mother all diſmaid,
     And in embraces forcible and foule
     Ingendring with me, of that rape begot
     Theſe yelling Monſters that with ceaſleſs cry
     Surround me, as thou ſawſt […]

同意語

• (to bring into existence): beget, conjure, create, produce, make, craft, manufacture, invent, assemble, generate
• (to copulate): do it, get it on, have sex; see also Thesaurus:copulate

語源 2

From en- +‎ gender.

動詞

engender (三人称単数 現在形 engenders, 現在分詞 engendering, 過去形および過去分詞形 engendered)

1. (critical theory) To endow with gender; to create gender or enhance the importance of gender. [from 20th c.]
   • 1992, Anne Cranny-Francis, Engendered Fictions, page 2:

     As such they are an important way of understanding both how texts are engendered (how they articulate particular sex または gender role) and how they engender their consumers.

   • 1996, Steven C Ward, Reconfiguring Truth, page xviii:

     I focus on […] the efforts of feminist critics of science to examine the engendered origins and implications of scientific rationality and modern epistemology.