vergeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Borrowed from Middle French verge (“rod または wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of unknown origin. Earliest attested sense in English is now-obsolete meaning "male member, penis" (c.1400). Modern sense is from the notion of 'within the verge' (1509, also as Anglo-Norman dedeinz la verge), i.e. "subject to the Lord High Steward's authority" (as symbolized by the rod of office), originally a 12-mile radius round the royal court, which sense shifted to "the outermost edge of an expanse or area." Doublet of virga.

名詞

verge (複数形 verges)

1. A rod or staff of office, e.g. of a verger.
   1. (UK, historical) The stick or wand with which persons were formerly admitted tenants, by holding it in the hand and swearing fealty to the lord. Such tenants were called tenants by the verge.
2. An edge or border.
   • 1848, John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy:

     Even though we go to the extreme verge of possibility to invent a supposition favourable to it, the theory […] implies an absurdity.

   • 1852, Matthew Arnold, Stanzas from Carnac:

     But on the horizon's verge descried,
     Hangs, touched with light, one snowy sail.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the back turned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.

   1. (UK, Australia, New Zealand) The grassy area between the footpath and the street; a tree lawn; a grassed strip running alongside either side of an outback road.
      • 2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 129:

        The shoulders are graded and the verges cleared well back to lessen the chances of hitting stray stock.

   2. (figuratively) An extreme limit beyond which something specific will happen.

      I was on the verge of tears.

      • 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 113:

        The tremendous tragedy in which he had been involved – it was evident he was a fugitive from Weybridge - had driven him to the very verge of his reason.

3. (obsolete) The phallus.
   1. (zoology) The external male organ of certain mollusks, worms, etc.
4. An old measure of land: a virgate or yardland.
5. A circumference; a circle; a ring.
   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     The inclusive verge
     Of golden metal that must round my brow.

6. (architecture) The shaft of a column, or a small ornamental shaft^[1].
8. (architecture) The eaves or edge of the roof that projects over the gable of a roof.
   • 1885, Edward S. Morse, Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings:

     The smaller ribs of tiles that run down to the eaves, along the ridges in a hip-roof, or border the verge in a gable-roof , often terminate in some ornamental tile in high-relief .

9. (horology) The spindle of a watch balance, especially one with pallets, as in the old vertical escapement.

同意語

• (strip of land between street かつ sidewalk): see list at tree lawn

派生語

語源 2

Borrowed from Latin vergō (“to bend, turn, tend toward, incline”), from Proto-Indo-European *werg- (“to turn”), from a root *wer- (“to turn, bend”) (compare versus); strongly influenced by the above noun.

動詞

verge (三人称単数 現在形 verges, 現在分詞 verging, 過去形および過去分詞形 verged)

1. (intransitive) To be or come very close; to border; to approach.

   Eating blowfish verges on insanity.

2. To bend or incline; to tend downward; to slope.

派生語

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “verge”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• verge at OneLook Dictionary Search

Latin

動詞

verge

1. second-person singular present active imperative of vergō