rubberとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɹʌbə(ɹ)/, [ˈɹɐbə(ɹ)]
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɹʌbɚ/
• 韻: -ʌbə(r)

語源 1

rub +‎ -er

The sense of the substance comes from its ability to function as an eraser, displacing earlier caoutchouc. The senses not having to do with rubbing or erasing are secondarily derived from the name of the substance.

名詞

rubber (usually uncountable, 複数形 rubbers)

1. (uncountable) Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon polymer of isoprene.
2. (uncountable, countable) Synthetic materials with the same properties as natural rubber.
3. (countable, Britain, Australia, New Zealand) An eraser.
   • 2006, Lisa Kervin, Research for Educators, page 148,

     For example, they may use paddle pop sticks, hand span, pencils, rubbers, mathematics equipment (i.e. base 10 material) or anything else the teacher can find to measure the lengths of nominated objects.

   • 2010, Anna Jacobs, Beyond the Sunset, unnumbered page,

     Drawing materials, he thought, I used to love drawing as a lad. I can afford some plain paper and pencils, surely? And a rubber, too. He smiled at the memory of an elderly uncle, also fond of drawing, who′d always called rubbers ‘lead eaters’.

   • 2011, Patrick Lindsay, The Spirit of the Digger, Revised edition, unnumbered page,

     Stan stole a diary and some pens, pencils, ink and rubbers during his early days as a POW working on the Singapore docks.

4. (countable, Canada, 米国用法, slang) A condom.
5. (countable) Someone or something which rubs.
   • 1949, LIFE (11 July 1949, page 21)

     What perplexity plagues the chin-rubber in the foreground and what so discourages the man leaning on the lamp post? And to what doom is the large man at right moving? Photographer Cowherd has no answers.

   1. One who rubs down horses.
   2. One who practises massage.
   3. A coarse towel for rubbing the body.
   4. An abrasive for rubbing with: a whetstone, file, or emery cloth, etc.
6. (historical) The cushion of an electric machine.
7. (countable, baseball) The rectangular pad on the pitcher's mound from which the pitcher must pitch.

   Jones toes the rubber and then fires to the plate.

8. (Canada, 米国用法, in the plural) Water-resistant shoe covers, galoshes, overshoes.

   Johnny, don't forget your rubbers today.

9. (uncountable, slang) Tires, particularly racing tires.

   Jones enters the pits to get new rubber.

10. (slang, dated) A hardship or misfortune.
    • 1814, The Weekly Register (volume 5, page 302)

      The British barges, off New-London, sometimes meet with the rubbers. In an attack upon an armed smack, some days ago, they were beaten off, with the reported loss of 8 men killed.

    • 1843, John Castillo, Awd Isaac: The Steeple Chase, and Other Poems (page 101)

      'Twas a bit gone December, / As I well remember, / I met with a rubber, and got some advice; […]

同意語

• (condom): see Thesaurus:condom.
• (baseball): pitcher's plate, pitcher's rubber

派生語

形容詞

rubber

1. (slang, of a draft/check) Not covered by funds on account.

使用する際の注意点

Colloquially, a check that has insufficient funds to cover it is said to "bounce"; consequently, a check that will immediately bounce is referred to as "rubber" or a "rubber check."

語源 2

Origin unknown.

名詞

rubber (複数形 rubbers)

1. (sports) In relation to a series of games or matches between two competitors where the overall winner of the series is the competitor which wins a majority of the individual games or matches:
   1. The entire series, of an odd number of games or matches in which ties are impossible (especially a series of three games in bridge または whist).
      • 1828 Robert Huish The Red Barn: A Tale, Founded on Fact p.83:

        They played, and Creed and his young partner won the first rubber, winning the two first games running.

      • 1907 May 25, in The Publishers' Weekly, number 1843, page 1608 [1]:

        […] an old lady's innocent rubber.

   2. An individual match within the series (especially in racquet sports).
      • 2013 Cradley Heath Badminton League Rules as at 2013/2014

        Ladies matches shall consist of 6 rubbers. Each rubber shall consist of best of 3 games to 21 points.

      • 2015 February 7, in The Globe and Mail (Toronto), "Canada trails Czech Republic 2-0 in Fed Cup tie after singles losses"

        Montreal’s Francoise Abanda lost the first rubber of the tie 6-2, 6-4 to Karolina Pliskova on Saturday

2. (sports, Canada, 米国用法) A rubber match; a game or match played to break a tie.
3. The game of rubber bridge.
   • 1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Red-Headed League

     "Still, I confess that I miss my rubber. It is the first Saturday night for seven-and-twenty years that I have not had my rubber." "I think you will find that you will play for a higher stake to-night than you have ever done yet, and that the play will be more exciting."

派生語

• dead rubber
• rubber bridge
• rubber match

語源 3

(This etymology is missing または incomplete. Please add to it, または discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

動詞

rubber (三人称単数 現在形 rubbers, 現在分詞 rubbering, 過去形および過去分詞形 rubbered)

1. (telephony) To eavesdrop on a telephone call
   • 1999, Los Angeles Times, "Party's Over for Rural Phone Customers in Green Mountain State," (Jan. 31, 1999):

     "There's a lot of nostalgia about the phone and how it was the way to get the local news," said Jane Beck of the Vermont Folklife Center in Middlebury. One way was "rubbering," or listening in on a neighbor's conversations ...

2. (slang) To rubberneck; to observe with unseemly curiosity.
   • 1951, J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Chapter 17:

     Old Sally didn't talk much, except to rave about the Lunts, because she was busy rubbering and being charming.

参照

• “natural rubber” in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press.