Governmentとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English governement, from Old French governement (modern French gouvernement), from governer (see govern) + -ment.

Morphologically govern +‎ -ment

Displaced native 古期英語 gerec, leodweard, ræden, rǣding and 古期英語 ealdordōm.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʌvə(n)mənt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʌvɚ(n)mənt/
• (Indian English) IPA^(key): /ˈɡəv(ə)mɛnt/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɐvɘ(n)mɘnt/, /ˈɡɐvmɘnt/
• ハイフネーション: gov‧ern‧ment

名詞

government (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 governments)

1. The body with the power to make and/or enforce laws to control a country, land area, people or organization.

   British government has historically centred exclusively on London.

   • 1863 November 19, Abraham Lincoln, Dedicatory Remarks (Gettysburg Address)‎^[1], near Soldiers' National Cemetery, →LCCN, Bancroft copy, page 2:

     […] and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

   • 2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68:

     Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2. (grammar, linguistics) The relationship between a word and its dependents.
3. The state and its administration viewed as the ruling political power.

   If the citizens must follow the law, then the government must follow the constitution.

   • 2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

     Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.

4. (uncountable) The management or control of a system.
   • 1908, Walter Frederic Adeney, The Greek and Eastern churches, page 275:

     The government of the Church is maintained without material alteration in a settled hierarchical form.

   • 1957, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Preamble”, in Naval Discipline Act 1957‎^[2], page 14:

     Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to the government of Her Majesty's Navy, whereon, under the good Providence of God, the wealth, safety and strength of the Kingdom so much depend:

5. The tenure of a chief of state.

   The Sunak government announced plans to stem the flow of migrants coming into Great Britain.

使用する際の注意点

In the United States, "government" is considered to be divided into three branches: the legislature (the House of Representatives かつ the Senate) which makes law, the Administration (under the President) which runs sections of government within the law, and the Courts, which adjudicate on matters of the law. This is a much wider meaning of "government" than exists in the United Kingdom where governance and other words describe the process or power of governing generally and the term "government" is used more particularly of the ruling political force of the prime minister and his/her cabinet ministers (what Americans would call the Administration). In Britain, the administrative organs of the nation are collectively referred to as "the state". In Canada government is used in both senses and neither state nor administration are used. Applied to many countries in continental Europe (when using English), the British usage is common.

In Britain, the word is often capitalised when referring to the particular UK government. British and older works in general may distinguish between Government as the ruling body and government as the practice of governing.

同意語

• (administration, esp. over a country): administration, governance, management; statism (obs.)

下位語

派生語

関連する語

参考

• ocracy

Further reading

• government on Wikipedia.