possumとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Derived from opossum by apheresis.

発音

• enPR: pŏs'əm, IPA^(key): /ˈpɒsəm/^[1][2]
• 韻: -ɒsəm

名詞

possum (複数形 possums)

1. (US) An opossum, a marsupial of the family Didelphidae of the Americas.
2. Any of the marsupials in several families of the order Diprotodontia of Australia and neighboring islands.

派生語

• brushtail possum
• play possum
• ring-tail possum

関連する語

• opossum

参考

• possum on Wikipedia.
• Diprotodontia on Wikipedia.
• Didelphidae on Wikipedia.

動詞

possum (三人称単数 現在形 possums, 現在分詞 possuming, 過去形および過去分詞形 possumed)

1. (intransitive) To play possum; to feign sleep, illness, or death.

参照

Latin

語源

From Proto-Italic *potis ezom, equivalent to potis (“able, capable”) + sum (“I am”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpos.sum/, [ˈpɔs̠.s̠ʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpos.sum/, [ˈpɔs.sum]

動詞

possum (present infinitive posse, perfect active potuī); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive

1. I am able, I can, I may

   Tunc, modo edere non potuit.

   At that time, he just wasn't able to eat.

   Possum Latine loqui.

   I am able to speak in Latin.

   Potesne mihi succurrere, quaeso?

   Can you help me please?

   Si probare possemus Ligarium in Āfricā omnino non fuisse.

   If we could prove that Ligarius was not at all in Africa.

Conjugation

This verb is irregular, but resembles sum prefixed with pot-. Several contractions and simplifications occur, however: -ts- → -ss-, -tf- → -t-, -tess- → -ss-. In Vulgar Latin, the first person singular is changed to *possō (causing the verb to be treated to be a third conjugation verb (base poss-) for the present subjunctive (*possam, *possās), though the rest of the verb became the second conjugation verb *potēre ((tu) *potēs, (is/ea/id) *potet, (nōs) *potēmus, (vōs) *potētis, and (eī/eae/ea) *potent)).

• Some passive forms are attested in ante-classical authors (e.g. potestur, poteratur, possitur, possetur).

引用

派生語

• multum posse
• possibilis
• potēns
• potentia

関連する語

派生した語

• English: in posse, power
• Vulgar Latin: *posso (see there for further descendants)
• French: pouvoir

参照

• possum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• possum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• possum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei or ut possit...
    
  • I cannot make myself believe that..: non possum adduci, ut (credam)
    
  • I cannot bring myself to..: a me impetrare non possum, ut
    
  • he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • I have exhausted all my material: copiam quam potui persecutus sum
    
  • movable, personal property: res, quae moveri possunt; res moventes (Liv. 5. 25. 6)
    
  • to isolate a witness: aliquem a ceteris separare et in arcam conicere ne quis cum eo colloqui possit (Mil. 22. 60)
    
  • men of military age: qui arma ferre possunt or iuventus
    
  • men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
  • by the longest possible forced marches: quam maximis itineribus (potest)
    
  • this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc dici potest de aliqua re
    
  • this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc transferri potest in aliquid
    
  • I cannot find words for..: dici vix (non) potest or vix potest dici (vix like non always before potest)
    
  • without wishing to boast, yet..: quod vere praedicare possum
    
  • that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc facile intellegi potest
    
  • from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet
    
  • (ambiguous) to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter: risum tenere vix posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter: risum aegre continere posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be hardly able to restrain one's tears: lacrimas tenere non posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be hardly able to restrain one's tears: fletum cohibere non posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be unable to speak for emotion: prae lacrimis loqui non posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be unable to sleep: somnum capere non posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight: multum auctoritate valere, posse apud aliquem
    
  • (ambiguous) to have great weight as a speaker: multum dicendo valere, posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be unable to say all one wants: verbis non omnia exsequi posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to have a powerful navy: navibus plurimum posse