p.m.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /piːˈɛm/
• 韻: -ɛm

語源 1

Abbreviation of post meridiem (“after noon”).

副詞

p.m. (not comparable)

1. (used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from noon to midnight (the latter half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.
   • 1971, U.S. Department of Commerce, Hourly Precipitation Data: Ohio, page 14:

     HOURLY PRECIPITATION [...] 9 PM THROUGH 12 PM (MIDNIGHT) ZERO DAILY TOTAL

   • 2007, Khurana Rohit, Number Game 4, page 144:

     We never say 12 a.m. or 12 p.m. It's either 12 midnight or 12 noon, respectively.

   • 2009, Robert Bill, Medical Mathematics and Dosage Calculations for Veterinary Professionals, page 348:

     The 12-hour clock uses A.M. for the morning hours of midnight (12:00 A.M.) to almost noon (11:59 A.M.) and the P.M. designation for the hours from noon (12:00 P.M.) to almost midnight (11:59 PM).

   • 2015, Arhlene A. Flowers, Global Writing for Public Relations, page 141:

     The 12-hour clock, which is used in the U.S., Canada, and a few other countries, divides time into two cycles: a.m. (ante meridiem, Latin for before midday) from midnight, 12 a.m., to 11:59 a.m.; and p.m. (post meridiem, Latin for after midday) from noon, 12 p.m., to 11:59 p.m.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     Anna. — Yes, Ms. Weaver. — Are you busy? — Yes, Ms. Weaver. I am busy. — My office. 5:00 p.m. — 5:00 p.m.

   • 2022 April 4, Susannah Cullinane, Holly Yan, Stella Chan and Cheri Mossburg, “All 6 victims killed in the Sacramento mass shooting are identified as police arrest a suspect”, in CNN‎:

     CNN is seeking comment from legal representation for Martin. He is scheduled to appear in court Tuesday at 3 p.m. PT (6 p.m. ET).

   • 2023 August 3, Yeh Chen, Bernadette Hsiao, “4 found without vital signs after vehicle plunges into rural Taoyuan valley”, in Focus Taiwan‎, archived from the original on 03 August 2023, Society‎:

     The Taoyuan City Fire Department said that two others, a man and a woman, were pulled from the vehicle alive after rescuers were called to the scene of the accident near Sbunaw Bridge in Fuxing District at 12:27 p.m.

   • 2025 August 4, Bryan Robinson, “The ‘9-9-6 Work Schedule’ Could Be Coming To Your Workplace Soon”, in Forbes‎, archived from the original on 7 August 2025:

     Some AI startups are taking the workplace back to the dark ages, adopting the Chinese “9-9-6 work schedule” in which employees toil from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. six days a week from Monday to Saturday.

使用する際の注意点

• As seen in the quotes above, "12 p.m." has sometimes been used to mean either noon or midnight. However, the National Institute of Standards and Technology contends that those uses are incorrect.
• Some argue that it should not be used in English as a noun meaning "afternoon" on account of the fact that it is an abbreviation for a Latin adverbial phrase.

同意語

• in the afternoon

反意語

• a.m.
• in the forenoon

語源 2

Abbreviation of post mortem (“after death”).

副詞

p.m. (not comparable)

1. after death

アナグラム

• MP, mp, Mp, m.p., M.P.

発音

• IPA: /ˌpiː ˈɛm/

名詞

PM (countable and uncountable, plural PMs)

1. Initialism of post mortem.
   • 1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published 2010, page 321:

     ‘We ought to have a P.M. report by ten o'clock, preliminary anyway.’

2. Initialism of prime minister.
3. Initialism of private message.
4. (Internet) Initialism of personal message.

   Send me a PM if interested.

5. Initialism of price match.
6. Initialism of project management.
7. Initialism of project manager.
8. Initialism of performance management.
9. Initialism of perfect match.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

10. Initialism of program manager.
11. Initialism of product manager.
12. (knitting) Initialism of place marker.
13. (electronics) Initialism of permanent magnet.
14. Initialism of particulate matter; followed by a subscripted number representing the size of the particles in micrometres (μm).

    PM_2.5

    particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less

    • 2019 August 27, Nicholas Balakar, “The Deadly Toll of Air Pollution”, in The New York Times‎:

      In the United States, there was a daily mortality increase of 0.79 percent for each 10 micrograms per cubic meter increase in PM 10 and a 1.58 percent increase for each 10 microgram increase in PM 2.5.

15. Initialism of push money.
16. Initialism of portfolio manager.
17. Initialism of precious metal.
18. Initialism of postmaster.

動詞

PM (third-person singular simple present PMs, present participle PMing, simple past and past participle PMed)

1. To project manage.
2. (transitive, Internet) To send a private message to (someone).

   Synonym: DM (“direct message”)

   Coordinate term: IM (“instant message”)

   PM me if you want more information.

副詞

PM (not comparable)

1. Alternative form of p.m. (“after noon”).

   Today the sun sets at 8:25 PM

   The shops are open from 9AM to 5PM

派生語

• good PM

成句

PM

1. Initialism of partially meet.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

参考

• MP

アナグラム

• MP, mp, Mp, m.p., M.P.