Taiwanとは意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• Tai-wan
• (from Wade–Giles) T'ai-wan
• Tywan

語源

c. 1600s, from earlier Tayuan, Tayoan, or other variants, from Siraya tayw (“people”) + an (“place”). Recorded in Dutch as Tayouan (かつ other variants), and in Min Nan as 大員 (Tāi-oân) (かつ other variants).^[1] The term initially referred to a sandy peninsula in the area of modern-day Anping District, Tainan, and eventually became the name of the entire island. See also 臺灣／台灣／台湾 (Táiwān). Incorrectly understood (via the meaning of the Chinese characters) to mean 'terraced bay' and similar.

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌtaɪˈwɑn/
• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/, /ˌtaɪˈwæn/, /ˌtaɪˈwɒn/
• enPR: tīʹwänʹ
• 韻: -ɑːn, -æn, -ɒn

固有名詞

Taiwan

1. Common name for a country in East Asia. Official name: Republic of China. Its capital is Taipei. [from 20th c.]

   Synonyms: Chinese Taipei, Republic of China, ROC

   • 1961, Asian Journey (VP Johnson's Six-Nation Tour, May, 1961) MP641‎^[2], United States Information Service, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, 10:47 from the start:

     During his stay on Taiwan, Mr. Johnson talks with and to many people- to boys and girls, to workers and farmers- one man: but he expresses America's interest in them, and their future.

   • 1968, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships‎^[3], volume 3, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, page 290:

     Helena's 1958 cruise in the Far East began 3 August. Her first port of call was Keelung, Taiwan, arriving 21 August. Next day students and faculty of the Taiwan National Defense College were received on board for a tour of the ship.

   • 2015 July 21, Bill Clinton, Clinton arrives in Taiwan, plus speech‎^[4], Associated Press, 0:50 from the start:

     I noted that there have been some direct air flights recently so I see continuing negative tensions over political differences and positive economic and personal contacts. I had reminded everyone that I wanted a peaceful resolution to the differences between China and Taiwan agreed to by people on both sides of the Strait....One thing I am sure of - and the progress of Taiwan since I first came here so long ago proves it - the more people have positive things to do, the more they have something good to look forward to when they get up in the morning, the less likely they are to fall into destructive patterns and the more likely they are to lead their communities and their nations, and the world to a better place.

   • 2019, “President Tsai meets US Senator Ted Cruz”, in Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan)‎^[5]:

     The senator then remarked that all eyes in the world are focused on Hong Kong, and on the brutal repression that is being visited upon the people of Hong Kong. The stakes being fought for are democracy and freedom, he said, and that is what Taiwan rightfully symbolizes to the world. He firmly reiterated that the American people are proud to be friends of Taiwan, and proud to stand with Taiwan.

   • 2020, Kuang-shun Yang, “Would Bernie Sanders Defend Taiwan?”, in The Diplomat‎^[6]:

     One moment that caught many people’s attention came when the host, Anderson Cooper, asked for Sanders’ view, as a potential commander-in-chief, should China take military action against Taiwan. Sanders responded straightforwardly: “I mean, I think we have got to make it clear to countries around the world that we will not sit by and allow invasions to take place, absolutely.”

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Taiwan.
2. A large island between the Taiwan Strait and Philippine Sea, also known as Formosa.

   Synonym: Formosa

   • 1963, Eisenhower, Dwight, “Formosa Doctrine”, in Mandate for Change 1953-1956‎^[7], Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, LCCN 63-18447, OCLC 64309101, page 460:

     As a result of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, China lost to Japan the important islands of Taiwan (Formosa) and the Pescadores, lying about a hundred miles off the Chinese coast.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Taiwan.
3. An insular province of China. [from late 19th c.]
   1. (historical) A province of the Qing (Ching) dynasty (Manchu). [from late 19th c.]
      • 1896, Clark, J. D., Formosa‎^[8], Shanghai: Shanghai Mercury, OCLC 38700620, page 44:

        In 1885 Governor LIU determined to reconstruct Taipei and make it the temporary capital until, the railway having on its way to Taiwan reached the old town of Changhua, in about the middle of Formosa, he should build a city near that place and make it, under the name of Taiwan, the capital of the province of Taiwan.

      • 1898, “Bang-ka, or Mang-ka”, in Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia: A New Edition‎^[9], volume I, New York: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 11983522, page 480, column 2:

        Near Bang-ka is Twa-tu-tia, the great center of the tea-trade of Formosa, and the capital of the province of Taiwan (i. e. Formosa) from 1885 to 1896.

      • 1918, Morse, Hosea Ballou, “France and Tongking”, in The International Relations of the Chinese Empire‎^[10], volume II, Longmans, Green, and Co., OCLC 499680737, page 861:

        The Chinese forces holding Formosa numbered about 50,000 men, and its defence was ably conducted by Liu Ming-chüan, then imperial High Commissioner ad hoc afterwards first governor of the newly created province of Taiwan.

      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Taiwan.
   2. A province of the Republic of China. [from 20th c.]
      • 1957, Chiang, Chung-cheng (Kai-shek), Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy‎^[11], New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, LCCN 57010316, OCLC 955026629, pages 239-240:

        The Chinese Government today, with its program of local self-government in Taiwan, provides a revealing contrast to the Communist totalitarian "democratic dictatorship" on the mainland. Herein lies the foundation for our eventual victory against Communism.

      • 1979 October 7, “Govt succeeds in efforts to narrow income gap”, in Free China Weekly‎^[12], volume XX, number 39, Taipei, ISSN 0016-0318, OCLC 1786626, page 1:

        The income gap between the rich and the poor in Taiwan Province was narrowed considerably between 1968 and 1978, Lin Kai-fan, director of the Provincial Department of Budgets, Accounting & Statistics, told members of the Provincial Assembly Sept. 24.

      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Taiwan.
   3. A claimed province of the People's Republic of China (mainland China). [from mid 20th c.]
      • 1964, Jen Yu-ti (任育地), “Seas”, in A Concise Geography of China (中国地理概述)‎^[13], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, OCLC 799178199, OL 5937311M, pages 42-43:

        The eastern part of Taiwan Province is washed by the Pacific Ocean while the mainland coast borders on the Pohai, the Yellow, the East China and the South China Seas, each with its different depth and water temperature.

      • 2011 [31 January 1979], Jimmy Carter, White House Diary‎^[14], →ISBN, LCCN 2010015544, OCLC 712116640, page 286:

        I had my final meeting with Deng Xiaoping. We signed agreements concerning consular offices, trade, science and technology, cultural exchange, and so forth. After discussing the political problems I had in normalization, Zbig asked him, "Did you have political opposition in China?" Everybody listened very carefully when Deng said, "Yes, I had serious opposition in one province in China—Taiwan."

      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Taiwan.
4. (historical) Synonym of Tainan.
   • 1896, Clark, J. D., Formosa‎^[15], Shanghai: Shanghai Mercury, OCLC 38700620, page 44:

     In 1885 Governor LIU determined to reconstruct Taipei and make it the temporary capital until, the railway having on its way to Taiwan reached the old town of Changhua, in about the middle of Formosa, he should build a city near that place and make it, under the name of Taiwan, the capital of the province of Taiwan.

使用する際の注意点

Taiwan and Taiwanese are both widely used as attributives, e.g. Taiwan/Taiwanese culture, the Taiwan/Taiwanese government, Taiwan/Taiwanese food, etc.

派生語

• Taiwanese
• Taiwan Strait, Taiwan Straits

参考

• Countries of the world

Further reading

• Taiwan on Wikivoyage.

参照

アナグラム

• atwain

固有名詞

T'ai-wan

1. Alternative form of Taiwan
   • 1876, Emil Bretschneider, “Chinese Intercourse with the Countries of Central and Western Asia in the Fifteenth Century”, in China Review‎^[1], volume 4, number 6, page 386:

     The Chinese now call Formosa 臺灣 Tʻai-wan which is properly the name of the capital of the island, situated on the western coast. But Tʻai-wan is mentioned also in the Ming-shi as a place of Ki-lung-shan, where about A.D. 1620 the red-haired barbarians (the Dutch) settled.

   • 1904, J. J. M. DeGroot, Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in China‎^[2], volume II, Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, pages 343-344:

     Consternation and despair seized the district, and great numbers of sectaries and their families flocked together for the defence of their hearths and homes. Ch'ai Ta-ki abandoned Chang-hwa, and retired into T'ai-wan 臺灣, the chief city of the island....The rapid success of the insurgents was party owing to the circumstance that the Formosa cities in those days were unwalled, and merely surrounded by fences of living bamboo, no masonry being proof against the earthquakes frequently occurring in the island. T'ai-wan, likewise protected by a bamboo fence, was harried both from the north and the south, but successfully defended by Ch'ai Ta-ki...He called back the population, but with these many insurgents swarmed in, surprised the town again on the 10th of the third month (Apr. 27), and drove Hoh Chwang-yiu back to T'ai-wan.

   • 1958, C. K. Leung and Norton Ginsburg, editor, The Pattern of Asia‎^[3], Edgewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., page 177:

     The hilly topography restricts the cultivated area mainly to the valleys of the Hsi River and of its tributaries in Kuang-hsi and Kuang-tung and the lowlands of T'ai-wan and Hai-nan. Western T'ai-wan and the Hsi River delta have extremely high population densities.

   • 1980, C. K. Leung and Norton Ginsburg, editor, China: Urbanization and National Development‎^[4], page 267:

     The Beijing Review, 46, November 16, 1979, p. 17, reported a population of 975 million including T'ai-wan and describes programs designed to attain zero population growth by the year 2000.