orientalismとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• Orientalism

語源

From French orientalisme, from oriental (“eastern, Oriental”). In the sense “patronizing Western attitude” popularized by Edward Said's 1978 book Orientalism. Equivalent to Oriental +‎ -ism.

名詞

orientalism (countable and uncountable, plural orientalisms)

1. (art, architecture, literature) The tendency to represent eastern subjects, to assume stylistical characteristics original of the East, especially in 19th century Europe.
   • 1935, Iris Esther Robertson Sells, Matthew Arnold and France, London: Cambridge University Press, page 67:

     Moreover, among the group that was associated with the short-lived Institut historique, of which Senancour was a member from 1834 to 1840, was Eugène Burnouf, the great orientalist, to whom much of the responsibility for the revived interest in orientalism of the mid-nineteenth century must be attributed.

2. (countable) An Eastern word, expression, or custom.
   • 1860, Tayler Lewis, The Divine Human in the Scriptures, New York: R. Carter and Brothers, page 117:

     The Scriptural style and the Scriptural language are not meant for one age, but for all ages. Its orientalisms will grow in the west; its archaisms will be found still young in the nineteenth century.

3. (postcolonialism, capitalized) A patronizing Western attitude towards Middle Eastern, Asian, and North African societies.
   • 1978, Edward W. Said, Orientalism, New York: Pantheon Books, →ISBN, page 1:

     Unlike the Americans, the French and the British—less so the Germans, Russians, Spanish, Portuguese, Italians, and Swiss—have had a long tradition of what I shall be calling Orientalism, a way of coming to terms with the Orient that is based on the Orient’s special place in European Western experience.

   • 2007 March, Christopher Hitchens, “East is East”, in The Atlantic‎, →ISSN:

     But he [Robert Irwin] is more lucid and reliable when he sets out to demonstrate the complexity and diversity of Orientalism, to defend his profession from the charge of being a conscious or unconscious accomplice of empire, and to decry the damage done by those whose reading even of Orientalism was probably superficial.

派生語

関連する語

Further reading

• “orientalism,Orientalism”, in Google Books Ngram Viewer.

アナグラム

• eliminators, misrelation, normalities, relationism