Iとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English I (also ik, ich), from 古期英語 ih (also ic, iċċ (“I”)), from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”). Cognate with Scots I, ik, A (“I”), Saterland Frisian iek (“I”), West Frisian ik (“I”), Dutch ik (“I”), Low German ik (“I”), German ich (“I”), Bavarian i (“I”), Yiddish איך‎ (ikh, “I”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål jeg (“I”), Norwegian Nynorsk eg (“I”), Swedish jag (“I”), Icelandic ég, eg (“I”), Gothic ���� (ik, “I”), and more remotely with Latin ego (“I”), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ, “I”), Russian я (ja, “I”), Lithuanian aš (“I”), Armenian ես (es, “I”), Sanskrit अहम् (ahám, “I”), Hittite ���� (ūk, “I”). See also English ich. Doublet of ego and Ich.

代名詞

I (first person singular subject personal pronoun, objective me, possessive my, possessive pronoun mine, reflexive myself)

1. The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto II, page 414:

     […] It ill beſeemes a knight of gentle ſort, / Such as ye haue him boaſted, to beguyle / A ſimple maide, and worke ſo hainous tort, / In ſhame of knighthood, as I largely can report.

   • 1854, Gustave Chouquet, Easy Conversations in French‎^[1], page 9:

     Here I am, sir.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     I know I have a pen, though…

2. (nonstandard) The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical object, of a sentence.

   Mom drove my sister and I to school.

   • c. 1596–1598, W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, OCLC 24594216, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Sweet Baſſanio, My ſhips haue all miſcarried, my Creditors grow cruell, my eſtate is very low: my bond to the Iew is forfet, and ſince in paying it, it is impoſſible I ſhould liue, all debts are cleered betweene you and I if I might but ſee you at my death.

   • 1980, Bob Marley, Redemption Song

     Old pirates, yes, they rob I
     Sold I to the merchant ships
     Minutes after they took I
     From the bottomless pit.

使用する際の注意点

• The word I is always capitalised in written English. Other forms of the pronoun, such as me and my, follow regular English capitalisation rules.
• I is the subject (nominative) form, as opposed to me, which is the objective (accusative かつ dative) form. Me is also used emphatically, like French moi. In some cases there are differing views about which is preferred. For example, the traditional rule followed by some speakers is to use I as the complement of the copula (It is I), but it is now more usual to choose me in this context (It's me).
• When used in lists, it is often thought better to refer to oneself last. Thus it is more natural to say John and I than I and John. In such lists, the traditional rule is to use the same case form one would choose if there were only one pronoun. Thus, since we say I am happy, we say John and I are happy, but since we say Jenny saw me, so we say Jenny saw John and me. However, one frequently hears John and me are happy, which is traditionally seen as a case error. Similarly, probably as a hypercorrected reaction to this, one can occasionally hear phrases like Jenny saw John and I.

同意語

• ich, ch
• my ass, m'ass (卑語 スラング)
• muggins, yours truly

派生語

• as I live and breathe
• lyrical I

参考

名詞

I (uncountable)

1. (metaphysics) The ego.

派生語

• I-hood
• I-ness
• I-ship

語源 2

• Old French i, from Latin ī, from Etruscan I (i).

文字

I (upper case, lower case i, 複数形 Is または I's)

1. The ninth letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

数

I (upper case, lower case i)

1. The ordinal number ninth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

語源 3

Abbreviation.

名詞

I (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 Is)

1. (US, roadway) Interstate.
2. (grammar) Abbreviation of instrumental case.
3. (computing) Abbreviation of instruction.

間投詞

I

1. Obsolete spelling of aye.

参照

• “I”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “I” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• "I" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.

接尾辞

-i

1. Used to form adjectives and nouns describing people of a particular city, region, or country, and the language spoken by these people.

   ‎Iraq + ‎-i → ‎Iraqi

   ‎Israel + ‎-i → ‎Israeli

   ‎Pakistan + ‎-i → ‎Pakistani

   ‎Bengal + ‎-i → ‎Bengali

   ‎Nepal + ‎-i → ‎Nepali

   ‎Desh + ‎-i → ‎Desi

参考

• -stan

参照

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix²".

語源 2

From Latin -ī, the plural ending of the Latin second declension, whence the plural of Italian nouns in -o and -e.

接尾辞

-i

1. used to indicate a plural form of some words of Latin or Italian origin, such as fungi, virtuosi or concerti

参照

• OED, s.v. "-i, suffix¹".

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /iː/, [iː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i/, [iː]

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *-ai, from unknown origin.

接尾辞

-ī

1. Used for the first person present perfect singular form of any regular verb.

接尾辞

-ī

1. nominative/vocative plural of -us for most second-declension nouns.
2. genitive/locative singular of -us for second-declension nouns.
3. nominative/vocative masculine plural of -us for first/second-declension adjectives.
4. genitive masculine/neuter singular of -us for for first/second-declension adjectives.
5. (まれに) genitive feminine singular of -us for for first/second-declension adjectives.

名詞

-ī

1. dative/ablative singular of -ēs

接合辞

-i-

1. (in coining neologisms) A vowel inserted interconsonantally between morphemes of Latinate origin in order to ease pronunciation (an anaptyxis, a linking vowel).

派生語

参考

• -o- (the Greek parallel)

参照

• The Concise Oxford English Dictionary [Eleventh Edition] lists -i- as an entry.

語源 2

The initial vowel of primate.

接合辞

-i-

1. (pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a non-human primate source

関連する語

• -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies. (See that entry for full paradigm.)

参考

参照

• USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2000

Latin

語源

From the reduction of several historical unstressed short stem vowels during the Old Latin period. The reduced vowel was later reinterpreted as part of various suffixes.

接合辞

-i-

1. Connecting vowel inserted between a stem and a suffix in compound words.

派生語

語源 2

From Latin ī-, assimilated form of in- used before g-.

接頭辞

i-

1. A form of the prefix in-, used before gn, as in ignoble, ignominy, and ignore.

同意語

• (not): a-, an-, dys-, il-/im-/in-/ir-, mal-, non-, un-

接頭辞

i-

1. (Jamaica) Used to transform English words into words used by Rastafarians with a special meaning.

参考

• Rastafarian on Wikipedia.
• Rastafarian I words on Wikipedia.

語源 4

Popularized in the name of the iMac line of computers (1998).

接頭辞

i-

1. Alluding to the Internet.

   Coordinate term: (electronic) e-

2. Alluding to digital devices and computer programs, especially those that are cutting-edge or fashionable, and those from Apple.

   Coordinate term: (alluding to McDonald's) Mc-

   ‎i- + ‎pod → ‎iPod

   ‎i- + ‎phone → ‎iPhone

   • 1999, Melissa August, “Ad Infinitum”, in Time, v 154, November 1, p 39:

     I-WHAT?! Seems everyone's ripping off the iMac idea. Take this parody ad for the fruity-colored “iBrator” at sleeplessknights.com.

   • 2011, Scotty Smith, Everyday Prayers: 365 Days to a Gospel-Centered Faith, Baker Books, →ISBN, 178:

     In our “iWorld” of new gadgets and cool widgets, help us to ponder the reality that over half of the population on the earth exists on three of our American dollars, or less, a day.

派生語

Latin

語源

Assimilated form of in-, before gn-.

接頭辞

ī-

1. Alternative form of in-

語源

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈiː/

接頭辞

ī-

1. same, selfsame

派生語

発音

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /aɪ/, /ɪ/
• (letter name): enPR: ī, IPA^(key): /aɪ/,
• Rhymes: -aɪ
• Homophones: aye, eye

文字

i (lower case, upper case I, 複数形 i's)

1. The ninth letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

使用する際の注意点

The English letter i represents many different sounds, often the diphthong /aɪ/ (from Middle English /iː/), as in the pronoun I, or /ɪ/ as in bit.

数

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ordinal number ninth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

名詞

i (複数形 ies)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.
   • the position of an i-dot (the dot of an i)
   • i-mutation, i-umlaut

参考

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed ^{(Category: en:Latin letter names)}

語源 2

From 古期英語 ic.

発音

• IPA^(key): /aɪ/, /ɪ/
• Rhymes: -aɪ
• Homophones: aye, eye

代名詞

i

1. Nonstandard spelling of I.

使用する際の注意点

• Also used in instant messaging due to limitations of entering capitals on a mobile phone's keypad.

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /iː/

語源 1

名詞

ī (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter I.

等位語

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

参照

• du Cange, Charles (1883), “i”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
• i in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

語源 2

動詞

ī

1. go! walk!; second-person singular active imperative of eō

   I intro iam nunc. ― Now then, go in.