jerkとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Probably from Middle English yerk (“sudden motion”), from 古期英語 ġearc (“ready, active, quick”). Compare 古期英語 ġearcian (“to prepare, make ready, procure, furnish, supply”). Related to yare.

別の表記

• yark

名詞

jerk (複数形 jerks)

1. A sudden, often uncontrolled movement, especially of the body.
   • 1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part III Chapter X, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling

     The black cloth bestrewn with white beads blew up from time to time, laying bare the coffin. The tired bearers walked more slowly, and it advanced with constant jerks, like a boat that pitches with every wave.

2. A quick, often unpleasant tug or shake.

   When I yell "OK," give the mooring line a good jerk!

3. (US, slang, derogatory) A dull or stupid person.
4. (Canada, 米国用法, slang, derogatory) A person with unlikable or obnoxious qualities and behavior, typically mean, self-centered, or disagreeable.
   • I finally fired him, because he was being a real jerk to his customers, even to some of the staff.
   • You really are a jerk sometimes.
   • 1962, George Axelrod, The Manchurian Candidate, spoken by Eleanor Iselin (Angela Lansbury), 1:23:39 from the start:

     Oh, Raymond―don't be such a jerk. Go and get yourself a drink or a tranquilizer or something.

5. (physics, engineering) The rate of change in acceleration with respect to time.
6. (obsolete) A soda jerk.
7. (weightlifting) A lift in which the weight is taken with a quick motion from shoulder height to a position above the head with arms fully extended and held there for a brief time.

使用する際の注意点

• Jerk is measured in metres per second cubed (m/s³) in SI units, or in feet per second cubed (ft/s³) in imperial units.

同意語

• (sudden movement): jolt, lurch, jump
• (quick tug): yank
• (stupid person): numbskull
• (unlikable person): asshole, bastard, twat, knobhead, tosser, wanker, git, dick; see Thesaurus:jerk.
• (physics, change in acceleration): jolt (英国用法), surge, lurch

派生語

• jerkish
• soda jerk

動詞

jerk (三人称単数 現在形 jerks, 現在分詞 jerking, 過去形および過去分詞形 jerked)

1. (intransitive) To make a sudden uncontrolled movement.
   • 1877, Anna Sewell, Black Beauty Chapter 23[1]

     York came to me first, whilst the groom stood at Ginger's head. He drew my head back and fixed the rein so tight that it was almost intolerable; then he went to Ginger, who was impatiently jerking her head up and down against the bit, as was her way now.

2. (transitive) To give a quick, often unpleasant tug or shake.
3. (US, slang, vulgar) To masturbate.
4. (obsolete) To beat, to hit.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Florio to this entry?)

5. (obsolete) To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand.

   to jerk a stone

6. (usually transitive, weightlifting) To lift using a jerk.
7. (obsolete) To flout with contempt.

派生語

• jerk off
• jerksome

参考

• acceleration
• displacement
• velocity
• jounce

語源 2

From American Spanish charquear, from charqui, from Quechua ch'arki.

名詞

jerk (uncountable)

1. (Caribbean, Jamaican) A rich, spicy Jamaican marinade.
2. (Caribbean, Jamaican) Meat cured by jerking; charqui.

   Jerk chicken is a local favorite.

関連する語

• jerky (noun)

動詞

jerk (三人称単数 現在形 jerks, 現在分詞 jerking, 過去形および過去分詞形 jerked)

1. To cure (meat) by cutting it into strips and drying it, originally in the sun.
   • 2011, Dominic Smith, Bright and Distant Shores, page 106:

     The Lemakot in the north strangled widows and threw them into the cremation pyres of their dead husbands. If they defeated potential invaders the New Irish hanged the vanquished from banyan trees, flensed their windpipes, removed their heads, left their intestines to jerk in the sun.