jerkとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Probably from Middle English yerk (“sudden motion”) and Middle English yerkid (“tightly pulled”), from 古期英語 ġearc (“ready, active, quick”) and 古期英語 ġearcian (“to prepare, make ready, procure, furnish, supply”). Related to yare.

別の表記

• yark

名詞

jerk (複数形 jerks)

1. A sudden, often uncontrolled movement, especially of the body.
   • 1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part III Chapter X, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling

     The black cloth bestrewn with white beads blew up from time to time, laying bare the coffin. The tired bearers walked more slowly, and it advanced with constant jerks, like a boat that pitches with every wave.

2. A quick, often unpleasant tug or shake.

   When I yell "OK," give the mooring line a good jerk!

3. (Canada, 米国用法, slang, derogatory) A person with unlikable or obnoxious qualities and behavior, typically mean, self-centered, or disagreeable.
   • I finally fired him, because he was being a real jerk to his customers, even to some of the staff.
   • You really are a jerk sometimes.
   • 1962, George Axelrod, The Manchurian Candidate, spoken by Eleanor Iselin (Angela Lansbury), 1:23:39 from the start:

     Oh, Raymond―don't be such a jerk. Go and get yourself a drink or a tranquilizer or something.

4. (US, slang, derogatory) A dull or stupid person.
5. (physics, engineering) The rate of change in acceleration with respect to time.
6. (obsolete) A soda jerk.
7. (weightlifting) A lift in which the weight is taken with a quick motion from shoulder height to a position above the head with arms fully extended and held there for a brief time.
8. (Jamaica) a style of cooking in which the main ingredient—which most often is chicken but may also be beef, pork, goat, boar, seafood, or vegetables—is coated in spices and slow-cooked over a fire or grill traditionally composed of green pimento wood positioned over burning coals; the resulting smoke is key to the flavour of the dish. (Compare jerky.)

使用する際の注意点

• Jerk is measured in metres per second cubed (m/s³) in SI units, or in feet per second cubed (ft/s³) in imperial units.

同意語

• (sudden movement): jolt, lurch, jump
• (quick tug): yank
• (unlikable person): asshole, bastard, twat, knobhead, tosser, wanker, git, dick; see Thesaurus:jerk.
• (stupid person): numbskull
• (physics, change in acceleration): jolt (英国用法), surge, lurch

派生語

• jerkish
• soda jerk

参考

• (physics): jounce

動詞

jerk (三人称単数 現在形 jerks, 現在分詞 jerking, 過去形および過去分詞形 jerked)

1. (intransitive) To make a sudden uncontrolled movement.
   • 1877, Anna Sewell, “Chapter 23”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], OCLC 228733457:

     York came to me first, whilst the groom stood at Ginger's head. He drew my head back and fixed the rein so tight that it was almost intolerable; then he went to Ginger, who was impatiently jerking her head up and down against the bit, as was her way now.

2. (transitive) To give a quick, often unpleasant tug or shake.
3. (US, slang, vulgar) To masturbate.
4. (obsolete) To beat, to hit.
5. (obsolete) To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand.

   to jerk a stone

6. (usually transitive, weightlifting) To lift using a jerk.
7. (obsolete) To flout with contempt.

派生語

• jerk off
• jerksome

参考

• acceleration
• displacement
• velocity
• jounce

語源 2

From American Spanish charquear, from charqui, from Quechua ch'arki.

名詞

jerk (uncountable)

1. (Caribbean, Jamaica) A rich, spicy Jamaican marinade.
   • 2016, Fodor's Essential Caribbean, Fodor's Travel, →ISBN:

     Sunshine ranks high in the island's greates burger debate, while the chicken egg rolls with mango chutney and jerk mayo and fabulous fish tacos elevate pub grub to an art.

2. (Caribbean, Jamaica) Meat (または sometimes vegetables) cured by jerking, in which it is coated in spices and slow-cooked over a fire or grill traditionally composed of green pimento wood positioned over burning coals; charqui.

   Jerk chicken is a local favorite.

関連する語

• jerky (noun)

動詞

jerk (三人称単数 現在形 jerks, 現在分詞 jerking, 過去形および過去分詞形 jerked)

1. To cure (meat) by cutting it into strips and drying it, originally in the sun.
   • 2011, Dominic Smith, Bright and Distant Shores, page 106:

     The Lemakot in the north strangled widows and threw them into the cremation pyres of their dead husbands. If they defeated potential invaders the New Irish hanged the vanquished from banyan trees, flensed their windpipes, removed their heads, left their intestines to jerk in the sun.

   • 2016, Fodor's Travel Guides, Fodor's Essential Caribbean, Fodor's Travel, →ISBN:

     This longtime West End eatery prepares chicken the way locals like it: curried, fried, jerked, and baked.