randomとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: răn'dəm, IPA^(key): /ˈɹændəm/
• 韻: -ændəm

名詞

random (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 randoms)

1. A roving motion; course without definite direction; lack of rule or method; chance.
   • 1648, Robert Herrick, Hesperides, London: H. G. Clarke and Co., published 1844, page 134:

     Still take advice ; though counsels, when they fly / At random, sometimes hit most happily.

   • 1815, Sir Walter Scott, The Lord of the Isles, page 216:

     O ! many a shaft, at random sent, / Finds mark the archer little meant !

2. (obsolete) Speed, full speed; impetuosity, force. [14^th-17^thc.]

   Synonyms: force, momentum, speed, velocity

   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter X, in Le Morte Darthur, book I:

     they were messagers vnto kyng Ban & Bors sent from kynge Arthur / therfor said the viij knyghtes ye shalle dye or be prysoners / for we ben knyghtes of kyng Claudas And therwith two of them dressid theire sperys / and Vlfyus and Brastias dressid theire speres and ranne to gyder with grete raundon

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1548, Edward Hall, “The triumphant reigne of Kyng Henry the VIII”, in The Union of the two noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke (Hall’s Chronicle), page 82v:

     […] for coragiouſly the two kynges newely foughte with great randon and force, they ſhewed their vigors and ſtrengthes and did ſo nobly that their coũter parties had none aduaũtage.

3. (obsolete) The full range of a bullet or other projectile; hence, the angle at which a weapon is tilted to allow the greatest range. [16^th-19^thc.]
   • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 144:

     Fortie yards will they shoot levell, or very neare the marke, and 120 is their best at Random.

   • 1644, Sir Kenelm Digby, Two Treatises, page 125:

     […] the angle at which the miſſive is to mount by ( if we will have it go to its furtheſt randome ) muſt be the half of a right one […]

4. (figuratively, colloquial) An undefined, unknown or unimportant person; a person of no consequence. [from 20^thc.]

   Synonyms: rando, nobody, nonentity

   The party was boring. It was full of randoms.

5. (mining) The direction of a rake-vein.
6. (printing, historical) A frame for composing type.
   • 1935, Newspaper World (issues 1930-1955, page 41)

     Utilization of all floor space underneath case racks and randoms is another feature of the modern composing room; […]

   • 2002, Republic of Korea (issue 2, page 502)

     Printers' frames and randoms

派生語

• randy

形容詞

random (comparative more random, superlative most random)

1. Having unpredictable outcomes and, in the ideal case, all outcomes equally probable; resulting from such selection; lacking statistical correlation.

   Synonyms: aleatory, stochastic

   The flip of a fair coin is purely random.

   The newspaper conducted a random sample of five hundred American teenagers.

   The results of the field survey look random by several different measures.

   • July 18 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Dark Knight Rises[1]

     Where the Joker preys on our fears of random, irrational acts of terror, Bane has an all-consuming, dictatorial agenda that’s more stable and permanent, a New World Order that’s been planned out with the precision of a military coup.

2. (mathematics) Of or relating to probability distribution.

   Synonym: stochastic

   A toss of loaded dice is still random, though biased.

3. (computing) Pseudorandom; mimicking the result of random selection.

   Synonym: pseudorandom

   The rand function generates a random number from a seed.

5. (somewhat colloquial) Representative and undistinguished; typical and average; selected for no particular reason.

   Synonyms: average, typical

   A random American off the street couldn't tell the difference.

7. (somewhat colloquial) Apropos of nothing; lacking context; unexpected; having apparent lack of plan, cause, or reason.

   Synonyms: arbitrary, unexpected, unplanned

   That was a completely random comment.

   The teacher's bartending story was interesting, but random.

   The narrative takes a random course.

9. (colloquial) Characterized by or often saying random things; habitually using non sequiturs.

   You're so random!

10. (UK, slang) Being out of the ordinary; unusual or unexpected.

    That's a rather random fact!

派生語

派生した語

• → German: random
• → Hungarian: random

Further reading

• randomness on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Damron, Dorman, Madron, Mardon, Rodman, mandor, modRNA, ram-don, rodman