availとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English availen (“to be of use”), from Old French a (“to”) + vail (from valoir (“to be worth”)).

発音

• IPA^(key): /əˈveɪl/
• 韻: -eɪl

動詞

avail (三人称単数 現在形 avails, 現在分詞 availing, 過去形および過去分詞形 availed)

1. (transitive, often reflexive) To turn to the advantage of.

   I availed myself of the opportunity.

2. (transitive) To be of service to.

   Artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment.

3. (transitive) To promote; to assist.

   1713, Alexander Pope, The Wife of Bath Her Prologue, translation of original by Geoffrey Chaucer:

   All of this avail’d not, for whoe’er he be
   That tells my faults, I hate him mortally;

4. (intransitive) To be of use or advantage; to answer or serve the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object.

   The plea in court must avail.

   This scheme will not avail.

   Medicines will not avail to halt the disease.

   • 1817, Sir Walter Scott, Rob Roy:

     Words avail very little with me, young man.

5. (India, Africa, elsewhere proscribed) To provide; to make available; to use or take advantage of (an opportunity または available resource).

   You can avail discounts on food.

   • 2004, November 16, “Nik Ogbulie”, in Decongesting the Banking Floors‎^[1]:

     With this initiative, Valucard becomes an open system that is not limited to point of sale (POS) transactions, but now avails cash to its holders in various locations nationwide.

反意語

• disavail

派生語

• available
• disavail

関連する語

名詞

avail (複数形 avails)

1. Effect in achieving a goal or aim; purpose, use (now usually in negative constructions). [from 15^thc.]

   I tried fixing it, to no avail

   Labor, without economy, is of little avail.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175, page 071:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

   • 2014, Paul Doyle, "Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter", The Guardian, 18 October:

     At half-time, Poyet replaced Wes Brown with Liam Bridcutt in the heart of defence and sent out the rest of the players to atone for their first-half mistakes. To no avail.

2. (now only US) Proceeds; profits from business transactions. [from 15^thc.]
   • 1862, Elijah Porter Barrows, The State And Slavery

     the avails of their own industry

3. (television, advertising) An advertising slot or package.
   • 1994, Barry L. Sherman, Telecommunications Management: Broadcasting/cable and the New Technologies, →ISBN, page 353:

     The salesperson at an affiliate TV station might prepare an avail which offers two weeks of spots in early and late news […].

   • 2004, Walter S. Ciciora et al., Modern Cable Television Technology: Video, Voice, and Data Communications, →ISBN, page 123:

     At an avail, the ad server plays out the MPEG-2 audio/video elementary streams.

4. (US, politics, journalism) A press avail.

   While holding an avail yesterday, the candidate lashed out at critics.

5. (Britain, acting) Non-binding notice of availability for work.
6. (oil industry) A readily available stock of oil.
   • 1967, Interstate Compact on Oil and Gas (10th Extension), page 95:

     Total crude oil avails (production plus purchases) of even highly "self-sufficient" refiners are far greater than their reported refinery inputs.

7. (obsolete) Benefit; value, profit; advantage toward success. [15^th-19^thc.]
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “ij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book II:

     I shal take the aduenture sayd Balen that god wille ordeyne me / but the swerd ye shalle not haue at this tyme by the feythe of my body / ye shalle repente hit within short tyme sayd the damoysel/ For I wold haue the swerd more for your auaylle than for myne / for I am passyng heuy for your sake

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 1, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book III, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     hardy Citizens […] sticke not to sacrifice their honours and consciences, as those of old, their lives, for their Countries availe and safety.

   • 1895, Andrew Lang, A Monk of Fife:

     So this friar, unworthy as he was of his holy calling, had me at an avail on every side, nor do I yet see what I could do but obey him, as I did.

8. (obsolete, poetic) Effort; striving.
   • 1613, Thomas Campion, “Songs of Mourning”, in Poetical Works (in English) of Thomas Campion, published 1907, page 125:

     And ev'n now, though he breathless lies, his sails / Are struggling with the winds, for our avails / T'explore a passage hid from human tract, / Will fame him in the enterprise or fact.

使用する際の注意点

• (success または benefit): Very often encountered in negative phrases, such as of or to no or little avail.

派生語