vaultとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /vɒlt/, /vɔːlt/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /vɑlt/, /vɔlt/
• 韻: -ɔːlt, -ɒlt
• Homophone: volt (in some accents)
• The l was originally suppressed in pronunciation.

語源 1

From Middle English vaute, vowte, from Old French volte (modern voûte), from Vulgar Latin *volta < *volvita or *volŭta, a regularization of Latin volūta (compare modern volute (“spire”)), the past participle of volvere (“roll, turn”). Cognate with Spanish vuelta (“turn”). Doublet of volute.

名詞

vault (複数形 vaults)

1. An arched masonry structure supporting and forming a ceiling, whether freestanding or forming part of a larger building.

   The decoration of the vault of Sainte-Chapelle was much brighter before its 19th-century restoration.

   • 1750 June 12 (date written; published 1751)​, T[homas] Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, in Designs by Mr. R[ichard] Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], published 1753, →OCLC:

     the long-drawn aisle and fretted vault

2. Any arched ceiling or roof.
3. (figuratively) Anything resembling such a downward-facing concave structure, particularly the sky and caves.

   The stalactites held tightly to the cave's vault.

   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     His fiery eies are fixt vpon the earth.
     As if he now deuiſ’d some Stratageme:
     Or meant to pierce Auernus darkſome vauts.
     To pull the triple headed dog from hell.

   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], page 308:

     Had I your tongues and eyes, Il’d vſe them so,
     That Heauens vault ſhould crack: ſhe’s gone for euer.

   • 1636, George Sandys, “A Paraphrase upon Job”, in A Paraphrase upon the Divine Poems‎^[1]:

     The ſilent vaults of Death, vnknowne to Light;
     And Hell it ſelfe, lye naked to his ſight.

   • 1913, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Poison Belt‎^[2]:

     No bird flew in the blue vault of heaven, no man or beast moved upon the vast countryside which lay before us.

   • 1985, Bible (NJB), Genesis, 1:6:

     God said, ‘Let there be a vault through the middle of the waters to divide the waters in two.’

4. The space covered by an arched roof, particularly underground rooms and (Christianity, obsolete) church crypts.
5. Any cellar or underground storeroom.
   • 1730, Jonathan Swift, A Panegyrick on the Dean

     to banish rats that haunt our vault

6. Any burial chamber, particularly those underground.

   Family members had been buried in the vault for centuries.

7. The secure room or rooms in or below a bank used to store currency and other valuables; similar rooms in other settings.

   The bank kept their money safe in a large vault.

8. (often figuratively) Any archive of past content.
9. (computing) An encrypted digital archive.
10. (obsolete) An underground or covered conduit for water or waste; a drain; a sewer.
11. (obsolete) An underground or covered reservoir for water or waste; a cistern; a cesspit.
12. (obsolete, euphemistic) A room employing a cesspit or sewer: an outhouse; a lavatory.

同意語

• (outhouse または lavatory): See Thesaurus:bathroom
• (gymnastic apparatus): vaulting table

下位語

動詞

vault (三人称単数 現在形 vaults, 現在分詞 vaulting, 過去形および過去分詞形 vaulted)

1. (transitive) To build as, or cover with a vault.
   • 1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh:  […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

     The shady arch that vaulted the broad green alley.

2. (video games) To remove (an item, character, etc.) from a video game in an update.
   • 2018 August 31, Steven Asarch, “'Fortnite' Developer Update 5.40: Storm Destruction, Revolver in Vault”, in Newsweek‎^[3], New York, N.Y.: Newsweek Publishing LLC, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-10-03:

     In future updates, most likely in season six, more items will get vaulted.

   • 2020 June 9, Gene Park, “Bungie is finally coming through with its old promise of a 10-year ’Destiny’ plan”, in The Washington Post‎^[4], Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-07-09:

     While vaulting some old content may turn off a few players, Bungie seems intent on bringing as many players under its tent as possible first.

   • 2021 February 19, Kris Holt, “Overwatch 2 Will Ditch The Widely Disliked Assault/2CP Maps”, in Forbes‎^[5], New York, N.Y.: Forbes Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-02:

     Blizzard will vault the gorgeous Hanamura and other Assault maps from Overwatch's competitive mode when 'Overwatch 2' arrives.

   • 2022 June 17, James Carr, “The Real Reason Valorant Is Dropping Its Oldest Map”, in SVG.com‎^[6], archived from the original on 2022-11-28:

     While some mistakes have resulted in Riot pulling Agents in the past, those changes were always temporary. If Riot is set on having only seven maps in the "Valorant," that likely means Split isn't coming back and more maps will get vaulted in the future.

語源 2

Borrowed from Middle French volter (“to turn または spin around; to frolic”), borrowed from Italian voltare, itself from a Vulgar Latin frequentative form of Latin volvere; later assimilated to Etymology 1, above.

動詞

vault (三人称単数 現在形 vaults, 現在分詞 vaulting, 過去形および過去分詞形 vaulted)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To jump or leap over with a hand and/or foot on the item for support.

   The fugitive vaulted over the fence to escape.

   The fugitive vaulted the fence to escape.

派生語

• vaulter
• vaulting

名詞

vault (複数形 vaults)

1. An act of vaulting, formerly (chiefly) by deer; a leap or jump.
2. (gymnastics) A piece of apparatus used for performing jumps.
3. (gymnastics) A gymnastic movement performed on this apparatus.
4. (equestrianism) Synonym of volte: a circular movement by the horse.
5. (gymnastics) An event or performance involving a vaulting horse.

参考

• pole vault
• vaulting horse

Further reading

• vault on Wikipedia.