tribeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 tribe, tribu, from Old French tribu, from Latin tribus. Doublet of tribus.

発音

• IPA: /tɹaɪb/
• 韻: -aɪb

名詞

tribe (plural tribes)

1. (history, anthropology) An ethnic group larger than a band or clan (and which may contain clans) but smaller than a nation (and which in turn may constitute a nation with other tribes). The tribe is often the basis of ethnic identity.

   the Twelve Tribes of Israel; Germanic tribes; Celtic tribes

   The Formation of Kazakh Identity: From Tribe to Nation-state

   • 1945, E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, “Introduction”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page xiii:

     If two persons bore the same name, […] ambiguity was avoided by […] indicating their place of origin, the name of the tribe or deme being added for persons of the same town […] , and the name of the country or town for foreigners […] .

   • 2025 April 4, Lex Harvey and Esha Mitra, “US tourist arrested after allegedly attempting to contact ‘world’s most isolated’ tribe”, in CNN‎:

     There have been other encounters with uncontacted tribes in recent years.
     In February, a young man from an isolated Indigenous tribe in Brazil made brief contact with the outside world before returning to the Amazon rainforest.

2. (synecdochically) A tribal nation or people.
   • 1911, Cyrus Thomas, Indian Languages of Mexico and Central America‎:

     This leaves for consideration of this group of small tribes, or subtribes, so far as mapped by the writer quoted, the Teule, Cazcan, and Tecuexe.

3. (informal, derogatory) A nation or people considered culturally primitive, as may be the case in Africa, Australia or Native America.
4. A socially cohesive group of people within a society.

   Near-synonym: ingroup

   • 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 26:

     The thought of spending a year in close company with twitchers chilled me to the core. Not that I have anything against them, I am terribly fond of the members of the tribe, it is just that basically, they are a bunch of obsessive freaks.

5. A class or group of things.
   • 1972, Carol A. Nemeyer, Scholarly Reprint Publishing in the United States, New York, N.Y.: R. R. Bowker Co., →ISBN, page 7:

     In 1968, estimates of the number of active reprint publishers ranged from about 20 to 100 publishers. The fact that almost 300 U.S. reprint publishers have been identified is evidence that the reprint tribe continues to increase.

6. (zoology) A group of apes who live and work together.
7. (taxonomy) A hierarchical rank between family and genus.
   • 1960, Doklady. Biological Sciences Sections, volumes 132–135, Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 640, column 2:

     The tempo of evolution in South American hamsters was very rapid – in the course of the Pliocene and Anthropocene 40 genera were formed here, at which time a series of them attained the level of tribe and subtribe (Oxymycteri, Phyllotiini, Ichthyomyini).

8. A group of affiliated Mardi Gras Indians.
9. The collective noun for various animals.
10. (stock breeding) A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line.

    the Duchess tribe of shorthorns

同意語

• (taxonomy): tribus

派生語

動詞

tribe (third-person singular simple present tribes, present participle tribing, simple past and past participle tribed)

1. (transitive) To distribute into tribes or classes; to categorize.
   • 1696-1699, William Nicolson, English Historical Library

     Our fowl, fish, and quadruped are well tribed.

参考

• ethnic
• Appendix:English collective nouns

アナグラム

• Berti, Breit, Tiber, biter, rebit

語源

From Old French tribu, from Latin tribus.

発音

• IPA: /ˈtriːb(ə)/, /ˈtriːbu/

名詞

tribe (plural tribus)

1. One of the twelve tribes of Israel.
2. (rare) Any tribe or kin group.
3. (rare) A league or grouping.

派生した語

• English: tribe

参照

• “trībe, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 December 2018.