totalismとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

totalism (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 totalisms)

1. (まれに, usually uncountable) A social, economic and/or political system in which some authority (e.g. the state または "the market") wields absolute power; totalitarianism.
   • 2010, Benjamin Barber, Jihad vs. McWorld: Terrorism's Challenge to Democracy, →ISBN:

     If the political totalism of the fascist and communist world once tried, at horrendous human costs, to subordinate all economic, social, and cultural activity to the demands of an overarching state, the economic totalism of unleashed market economics seems now to be trying (at costs yet to be fully reckoned) to subordinate politics, society, and culture to the demands of an overarching market.

   • 2011, Janis Mimura, Planning for Empire, →ISBN:

     They contrasted the “organic” “leadership” organizations of German and Italian totalism with the “mechanical,” “dictatorship” organization of communist (Soviet) totalism.

   • 2013, Walter Brueggemann, Truth Speaks to Power: The Countercultural Nature of Scripture →ISBN, pages 162 and 164:

     Whenever it can, social power will tend as soon as possible toward totalism. Such social totalism is always a breath away from totalitarianism […]

     […]

     The apostles find a way to testify, in talk and in walk, about a truth that is vigorously and resolutely outside the totalism of Rome.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:totalism.
2. (まれに, countable) A philosophy, ideology or belief system that is total in its scope, one that covers everything.
   • 2004, Personal Epistemology: The Psychology of Beliefs →ISBN, page 220:

     To postmodernists, modernism gave the world science, reason, western civilization, Marxism, Freudianism, and other totalisms. Each of these totalisms tells a grand story that relates everything to everything else by using the system's universal principle as a theme.

   • 2011, Lewis S. Feuer, Ideology and the Ideologists, →ISBN, page 130:

     And ideologists pride themselves above all on what we might call their ‘totalism’. Georg Lukacs, for instance, regarded such totalism as the outstanding characteristic of Marxism: 'It is not the primacy of economic motives in historical explanation that constitutes the decisive difference between Marxism and bourgeois science, but the point of view of totality', writes Lukacs.

3. (まれに, uncountable) Totality; (the) entirety (of something).
   • 1900, Robert Eno, The Confucian Creation of Heaven, →ISBN, page 69:

     Once the totalism of Sagehood is grasped, the disciple can throw away his li-books; he will be a perfect ritual actor naturally.

4. (まれに, uncountable) Totalness, absoluteness; the characteristic of being absolute in nature or scope.
   • 1981, The Psychohistory Review, volume 10, parts 2-4, page 173:

     The ideological fervor, the abhorrence of compromise, the attraction to conflict, and the totalism of his family's rejection of white culture were the biographical themes that served him best as he tried to reach the hearts of his followers.

   • 1993, Richard L. Gawthrop, Pietism and the Making of Eighteenth-Century Prussia, →ISBN, page 211:

     The totalism of his commitment led, in turn, to his practice of taking charge of even the smallest matters and of ruling autocratically, since he believed God was holding him completely accountable for every act of his government.

引用

• 2007, Gödel, Putnam, and Functionalism →ISBN, page 246:

  If this argument were a statistical generalization, it would be open to the charge that environment totalism is secured at the expense of assuming that any rational-interpretation algorithm must be prepared to encounter alien cultures […]

• 1981, The Philosophy of Buddhism: A "Totalistic" Synthesis →ISBN, page 59:

  According to totalism, subjects and objects are real events of correlative nature posited by the self-determinative function of the ultimate mind as true Thusness.

• 1989, Robert Jay Lifton, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism, page 435:

  The more clearly an environment expresses these eight psychological themes, the greater its resemblance to ideological totalism; and the more it utilizes such totalist devices to change people, the greater its resemblance to thought reform (または "brainwashing".)