-ismとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪzəm/, /ɪzm̩/

接尾辞

-ism

1. Used to form nouns of action or process or result based on the accompanying verb in -ise or -ize.

   baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616)

2. Used to form the name of a system, school of thought or theory based on the name of its subject or object or alternatively on the name of its founder ((when de-capitalized, these overlap with the generic "doctrines" sense below, e.g. Liberalism vs. liberalism):).

   Lutheranism (1560), Calvinism (1570), Protestantism (1606), Congregationalism (1716), Mohammedanism (1815),: Palamism (1949)

3. Used to form names of a tendency of behaviour, action, state, condition or opinion belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology or principle or lack thereof.

   atheism (1587), ruffianism (1589), giantism (1639), fanaticism (1652), theism (1678), religionism (1706), patriotism (1716), heroism (1717), despotism (1728), old-maidism (1776), capitalism (1792), nationism (1798), romanticism (1803), conservatism (1832), sexualism (1842), vegetarianism (1848), externalism (1856), young-ladyism (1869), opportunism (1870), blackguardism (1875), jingoism (1878), feminism (1895), dwarfism (1895)

4. Used to form nouns indicating a peculiarity or characteristic of language

   Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886)

5. Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. ((based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the "terms for a doctrine" sense):)

   racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981)

6. (medicine) Used to form names of conditions or syndromes

   crotalism, daturism, latrodectism, loxoscelism, cocainism, rheumatism

派生語

• ism
• -icism

関連する語

• -ist
• -istic

参照

• Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "-ism, suffix".

アナグラム

• IMS, IMs, MIS, MSI, SIM, Sim, mis-, sim

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪz.əm/
• 韻: -ɪzəm

名詞

ism (複数形 isms)

1. An ideology, system of thought, or practice that can be described by a word ending in -ism.
   • 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 2, ch. XV, Practical — Devotional

     […] his religion, his worship was like his daily bread to him; — which he did not take the trouble to talk much about; which he merely ate at stated intervals, and lived and did his work upon! This is Abbot Samson’s Catholicism of the Twelfth Century; — something like the Ism of all true men in all true centuries, I fancy! Alas, compared with any of the Isms current in these poor days, what a thing!

   • 1965, Bertram David Wolfe, Marxism, One Hundred Years in the Life of a Doctrine, p. 357,

     An ism does not have to possess the fearful implements of state power to cut off a a deviant or heretical member.

   • 1969, Walter E. Minchinton, Mercantilism; System Or Expediency?, p. xi,

     In his exposition, he has failed to achieve the identification of situation, theory, and policy necessary to create an ism.

   • 1986, Matthew Broderick (as Ferris Bueller), Ferris Bueller’s Day Off:

     Isms in my opinion are not good. A person should not believe in an ism – he should believe in himself.

   • 1994, Kenneth Kaye, Workplace Wars and How to End Them, p. 70,

     It is important to distinguish between an ism and a mere generalization about group differences. Generalizations that have statistical validity are not isms. An ism assumes that the generalization applies to an individual.

2. Specifically, a form of discrimination, such as racism or sexism.

参考

• ideology
• ist
• philosophy
• wasm

Further reading

• "isms" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 173.

アナグラム

• IMS, IMs, MIS, MSI, SIM, Sim, mis-, sim ^{(alphagram ims)}