-ismとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪzəm/, /ɪzm̩/

接尾辞

-ism

1. Used to form nouns of action or process or result based on the accompanying verb in -ise or -ize.

   baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616)

2. Used to form the name of a system, school of thought or theory based on the name of its subject or object or alternatively on the name of its founder (When de-capitalized, these overlap with the generic "doctrines" sense below, e.g. Liberalism vs. liberalism.)

   Lutheranism (1560), Calvinism (1570), Protestantism (1606), Congregationalism (1716), Mohammedanism (1815),: Palamism (1949)

3. Used to form names of a tendency of behaviour, action, state, condition or opinion belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology or principle or lack thereof.

   atheism (1587), ruffianism (1589), giantism (1639), fanaticism (1652), theism (1678), religionism (1706), patriotism (1716), heroism (1717), despotism (1728), old-maidism (1776), capitalism (1792), nationism (1798), romanticism (1803), conservatism (1832), sexualism (1842), vegetarianism (1848), externalism (1856), young-ladyism (1869), opportunism (1870), blackguardism (1875), jingoism (1878), feminism (1895), dwarfism (1895)

   • 1990, Stephen King, The Moving Finger

     Howard didn't care much for beer, but that night he helped himself to three cans of Vi's new find nevertheless. Vi commented on it, said that if she had known he was going to like it that much, she would have stopped by the drugstore and gotten him an IV hookup. Another time-honored Vi-ism.

   • 2020, Ministry of Broadcast, Hitcents, Nintendo Switch, scene: game over:

     WE ARE EXPERIENCING BROADCAST NOOBISM

4. Used to form countable nouns indicating a peculiarity or characteristic of language

   Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886)

   • 2010, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, New York: Random House, →ISBN, page 136:

     Note that these sayings attributed to Yogi Berra might be apocryphal […] These sayings remain, however, quintessential Berraisms.

5. Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. (Based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the "terms for a doctrine" sense.)

   racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981)

6. (medicine) Used to form names of conditions or syndromes

   crotalism, daturism, latrodectism, loxoscelism, cocainism, rheumatism

派生語

• ism
• -icism

関連する語

• -ist
• -istic

参照

• Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "-ism, suffix".

アナグラム

• IMS, IMs, MIS, MIs, MSI, SIM, Sim, mis-, sim

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪz.əm/
  • 韻: -ɪzəm

名詞

ism (複数形 isms)

1. An ideology, system of thought, or practice that can be described by a word ending in -ism.

   Synonym: whateverism

   • 1843, Thomas Carlyle, chapter XV, in Past and Present‎^[1], book 2:

     […] his religion, his worship was like his daily bread to him; — which he did not take the trouble to talk much about; which he merely ate at stated intervals, and lived and did his work upon! This is Abbot Samson’s Catholicism of the Twelfth Century; — something like the Ism of all true men in all true centuries, I fancy! Alas, compared with any of the Isms current in these poor days, what a thing!

   • 1887 August, W[illiam] G[raham] Sumner, “State Interference”, in North American Review:

     If it gives way to sentimentalism, or sensibility, or political mysticism, or adopts an affectation of radicalism, or any other ism, or molds its institutions so as to round out to a more complete fulfillment somebody's theory of the universe, it may fall into an era of revolution and political insecurity […]

   • 1965, Bertram David Wolfe, Marxism, One Hundred Years in the Life of a Doctrine, page 357:

     An ism does not have to possess the fearful implements of state power to cut off a a deviant or heretical member.

   • 1969, Walter E. Minchinton, Mercantilism; System Or Expediency?, page xi:

     In his exposition, he has failed to achieve the identification of situation, theory, and policy necessary to create an ism.

   • 1986, John Hughes, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, spoken by Ferris Bueller (Matthew Broderick):

     Isms in my opinion are not good. A person should not believe in an ism – he should believe in himself.

   • 1994, Kenneth Kaye, Workplace Wars and How to End Them, page 70:

     It is important to distinguish between an ism and a mere generalization about group differences. Generalizations that have statistical validity are not isms. An ism assumes that the generalization applies to an individual.

2. (specifically) A form of discrimination, such as racism or sexism.