bumとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Attested since the 1300s,^[1][2][3] as Middle English bom^[1] (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, "his bom is oute"), of uncertain origin.^[1] Sometimes suggested to a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s.^[4][5] Suggested by some old^[4] and modern references to be onomatopoeic.^[3] Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).

名詞

bum (複数形 bums)

1. The buttocks.

   Okay, everyone sit on your bum and try and touch your toes.

   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum.
2. (informal, まれに) The anus.

使用する際の注意点

• In Canada, bum is considered the most appropriate term when speaking to young children, as in Everyone please sit on your bum and we'll read a story. In the United States, bum is not often used in this sense (though this may vary from dialect to dialect) except in conscious imitation of British English. The term butt is the most common term in North America except in professional contexts such as medical, legal, and scientific where buttocks is generally used or gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, etc. for the muscles specifically. Glutes is often used in sports medicine and bodybuilding. Ass (originally a dialectal variant of arse) is considered vulgar in North America, whereas backside, behind, and bottom are considered to be non-specific terms.

同意語

• (buttocks または anus): arse (英国用法, Irish, 豪州用法, New Zealand, Canada), ass (North America), backside, behind, bottom, butt (North America), heinie (North America), fanny (North America), tush (North America), tushie (North America)
  • (buttocks specifically): butt cheeks (North America), buttocks (technical), nether cheek, arsecheek, asscheek, cheeks, glutes (muscles), gluteus maximus (primary muscles)
  • (anus specifically): anus (technical), arsehole (英国用法, Irish, 豪州用法, New Zealand), asshole (North America)
• See also Thesaurus:anus

動詞

bum (三人称単数 現在形 bums, 現在分詞 bumming, 過去形および過去分詞形 bummed)

1. (Britain, transitive, colloquial) To sodomize; to engage in anal sex.

間投詞

bum

1. (Britain) An expression of annoyance.
   • 2010, Jill Mansell, Sheer Mischief:

     Maxine tried hers. 'Oh bum,' she said crossly. 'The sugar isn't sugar. It's salt.'

派生語

語源 2

1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).

名詞

bum (複数形 bums)

2. (US, Canada, colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man.
3. (US, Canada, Australia, colloquial) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man.

   Fred is becoming a bum - he's not even bothering to work more than once a month.

   That mechanic's a bum - he couldn't fix a yo-yo.

   That guy keeps interrupting the concert. Throw the bum out!

   • 1987, The Pogues - Fairytale of New York

     You're a bum

     You're a punk

     You're an old slut on junk

     Lying there almost dead on a drip in that bed

   • 1988, Michael Weikath, "Keeper of the Seven Keys", Helloween, Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II.

     Man who do you just think you are? / A silly bum with seven stars

4. (US, Canada, Australia, colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly.

   Trade him to another team, he's a bum!

   • 2001, Laura Hillenbrand - Seabiscuit: An American Legend

     Seabiscuit, wrote another reporter, “was a hero in California and a pretty fair sort of horse in the midwest. In the east, however, he was just a ‘bumʼ”

5. (colloquial) A drinking spree.

同意語

• (hobo): hobo, homeless person, tramp, vagrant, wanderer, vagabond
• (lazy person): loafer, bumpkin, footler, idler, lout, yob, yobbo, layabout
• (drinking spree): binge, bender
• See also Thesaurus:vagabond
• See also Thesaurus:idler

動詞

bum (三人称単数 現在形 bums, 現在分詞 bumming, 過去形および過去分詞形 bummed)

1. (transitive, colloquial) To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something.

   Can I bum a cigarette off you?

2. (intransitive, colloquial) To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond; to loiter.

   I think I'll just bum around downtown for awhile until dinner.

3. (transitive, slang, Britain) To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff).

同意語

• cadge (英国用法)

形容詞

bum (comparative bummer, superlative bummest)

1. Of poor quality or highly undesirable.

   bum note

2. Unfair.

   bum deal

3. Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective.

   I can't play football anymore on account of my bum knee.

4. Unpleasant or unhappy.

   He had a bum trip on that mescaline.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum.

同意語

• (defective): duff (英国用法)

派生語

語源 3

Back-formation from bum out.

動詞

bum (三人称単数 現在形 bums, 現在分詞 bumming, 過去形および過去分詞形 bummed)

1. To depress; to make unhappy.

参照

• “bum” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2020.

語源 4

See boom.

名詞

bum (複数形 bums)

1. (dated) A humming noise.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)

動詞

bum (三人称単数 現在形 bums, 現在分詞 bumming, 過去形および過去分詞形 bummed)

1. (intransitive) To make a murmuring or humming sound.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Jamieson to this entry?)

語源 5

Abbreviations.

名詞

bum (複数形 bums)

1. (obsolete) A bumbailiff.
   • 1705, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees:

     About her Chariot, and behind, / Were Sergeants, Bums of every kind, / Tip-staffs, and all those Officers, / That squeeze a Living out of Tears.

参照

アナグラム

• MBU, UMB, umb, umb-