bleedとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English bleden, from 古期英語 blēdan (“to bleed”), from Proto-West Germanic *blōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną (“to bleed”), from *blōþą (“blood”). Cognate with Scots blede, bleid (“to bleed”), Saterland Frisian bläide (“to bleed”), West Frisian bliede (“to bleed”), Dutch bloeden (“to bleed”), Low German blöden (“to bleed”), German bluten (“to bleed”), Danish bløde (“to bleed”), Swedish blöda (“to bleed”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈbliːd/
• 韻: -iːd

動詞

bleed (三人称単数 現在形 bleeds, 現在分詞 bleeding, 過去形および過去分詞形 bled)

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1. (intransitive, of a person または animal) To lose blood through an injured blood vessel.

   If her nose bleeds, try to use ice.

2. (transitive) To let or draw blood from.
   • 1979, Octavia Butler, Kindred:

     "What did they die of?" I asked.
     "Fevers. The doctor came and bled them and purged them, but they still died."
     "He bled and purged babies?"
     "They were two and three. He said it would break the fever. And it did. But they ... they died anyway."

3. (transitive) To take large amounts of money from.
4. (transitive) To steadily lose (something vital).

   The company was bleeding talent.

5. (intransitive, of an ink または dye) To spread from the intended location and stain the surrounding cloth or paper.

   Ink traps counteract bleeding.

6. (transitive) To remove air bubbles from a pipe containing other fluids.
7. (transitive) To tap off high-pressure gas (usually air) from a system that produces high-pressure gas primarily for another purpose.

   At low engine speeds, valves open to bleed some of the highly-compressed air from the later compressor stages, helping to prevent engine surging.

   High-pressure air bled from the APU is used to spin up the engines and run the APU generator and hydraulic pump, and can also be used to pressurise the cabin if necessary.

8. (obsolete, transitive) To bleed on; to make bloody.
   • 1470–1485 (date produced)​, Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book VIII, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:

     And so Sir Trystrames bledde bothe the over-shete and the neyther-shete, and the pylowes and the hede-shete

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

9. (intransitive, copulative) To show one's group loyalty by showing (its associated color) in one's blood.

   He was a devoted Vikings fan: he bled purple.

10. To lose sap, gum, or juice.

    A tree or a vine bleeds when tapped or wounded.

11. To issue forth, or drop, like blood from an incision.
    • 1713, Alexander Pope, “Windsor-Forest. […]”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, OCLC 43265629:

      For me the balm shall bleed.

12. (phonology, transitive, of a phonological rule) To destroy the environment where another phonological rule would have applied.

    Labialization bleeds palatalization.

13. (publishing, advertising, transitive, intransitive) To (cause to) extend to the edge of the page, without leaving any margin.
    • 1998, Macmillan Dictionary of Marketing and Advertising (page 35)

      Full-page and double-page colour advertisements in the Sunday colour magazines usually bleed off the page' (または are 'bled to the margin'), […]

    • 2004, Dorothy A. Bowles, ‎Diane L. Borden, Creative Editing (page 361)

      Too, bleeding beyond margins provides editors with several picas of space for more layout.

14. (finance, intransitive) To lose money.

    Most of the sectors are bleeding, particularly the resources sector.

派生語

関連する語

名詞

bleed (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 bleeds)

1. An incident of bleeding, as in haemophilia.
2. (aviation, usually in the plural) A system for tapping hot, high-pressure air from a gas turbine engine for purposes such as cabin pressurization and airframe anti-icing.

   When taking off at high altitude or at near-maximum weight, the bleeds have to be turned off temporarily, as they decrease engine power somewhat.

4. (printing) A narrow edge around a page layout, to be printed but cut off afterwards (added to allow for slight misalignment, especially with pictures that should run to the edge of the finished sheet).
5. (sound recording) The situation where sound is picked up by a microphone from a source other than that which is intended.
6. The removal of air bubbles from a pipe containing other fluids.
7. (uncountable, role-playing games) The phenomenon of in-character feelings affecting a player's feelings or actions outside of the game.

派生語

参照

• bleed in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
• bleed in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913

アナグラム

• Bedel, Lebed, bedel, beled, debel