braidとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English braiden, breiden, bræiden, from 古期英語 breġdan (“to move quickly, pull, shake, swing, throw (wrestling), draw (sword), drag; bend, weave, braid, knit, join together; change color, vary, be transformed; bind, knot; move, be pulled; flash”), from Proto-West Germanic *bregdan, from Proto-Germanic *bregdaną (“to flicker, flutter, jerk, tug, twitch, flinch, move, swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrēḱ-, *bʰrēǵ- (“to shine, shimmer”).

Cognate with Scots Scots brade, Scots braid (“to move quickly または suddenly”), Saterland Frisian braidje (“to knit”), West Frisian breidzje, Dutch breien (“to knit”), Low German breiden, Bavarian bretten (“to move quickly, twitch”), Icelandic bregða (“to move quickly, jerk”), Faroese bregða (“to move quickly, react swiftly; to draw (sword)”) and Faroese bregda (“to plaid, braid, twist, twine”).

別の表記

• brayde, breyde, broid (廃れた用法)

発音

• IPA^(key): /bɹeɪd/
• Homophone: brayed
• Rhymes: -eɪd

動詞

braid (third-person singular simple present braids, present participle braiding, simple past braided, past participle braided or (廃れた用法) browden)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To make a sudden movement with, to jerk.
2. (archaic, intransitive) To start into motion.
3. (transitive) To weave together, intertwine (strands of fibers, ribbons, etc.); to arrange (hair) in braids.
   • 1671, John Milton, Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], OCLC 228732398:

4. To mix, or make uniformly soft, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in preparing food.
5. (obsolete) To reproach; to upbraid.
   • c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […]‎^[1], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon,  […], published 1609, OCLC 78596089, [Act I, scene i]:

     Great King, / Few loue to heare the ſinnes they loue to act, / T'would brayde your ſelfe too neare for me to tell it […]

派生語

• umbraid
• upbraid

名詞

braid (複数形 braids)

1. (obsolete) A sudden movement; a jerk, a wrench. [11^th-17^thc.]
   • a. 1472, Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ii”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book XII, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: Published by David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:

     And than in a brayde Sir Launcelot brake hys chaynes of hys legges and of hys armys (かつ in the brakynge he hurte hys hondys sore) […].

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1561, Thomas Sackville, Ferrex and Porrex‎^[2], Act IV, scene ii, lines 1274–7:

     He fixt vpon my face, which to my death / Will neuer part fro me, when with a braide / A deepe fet sigh he gaue, and therewithall / Clasping his handes, to heauen he cast his sight.

2. A weave of three or more strands of fibers, ribbons, cords or hair often for decoration. [from 16^thc.]
3. A stranded wire composed of a number of smaller wires twisted together
4. A tubular sheath made of braided strands of metal placed around a central cable for shielding against electromagnetic interference.
5. A fancy; freak; caprice.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of R. Hyrde to this entry?)

Further reading

• braid in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• braid in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911.
• Braids on Wikimedia Commons.

形容詞

braid (comparative more braid, superlative most braid)

1. (obsolete) Deceitful.
   • c. 1604–1605, William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene 2]:

     Since Frenchmen are so braid, / Marry that will, I live and die a maid.