whiffとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

A number of flatfish are or were formerly known as whiffs (noun sense 6), including the megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis; top), the lemon sole (Microstomus kitt; middle), and the horned whiff (Citharichthys arenaceus; bottom).

The noun is possibly:^[1]

• partly a variant of Middle English wef, weffe (“bad smell, stench, stink; exhalation; vapour; tendency of something to go bad (?)”) [and other forms],^[2] possibly a variant of either:
  • waf, waif, waife (“odour, scent”),^[3], possibly from waven (“to move to and fro, sway, wave; to stray, wander; to move in a weaving manner; (比喩的に) to hesitate, vacillate”), from 古期英語 wafian (“to wave”),^[4] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”); or
  • wef (“a blow, stroke”),^[5] from weven (“to travel, wander; to move to かつ fro, flutter, waver; to blow something away, waft; to cause something to move; to fall; to cut deeply; to sever; to give up, yield; to give deference to; to avoid; to afflict, trouble; to beckon, signal”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from 古期英語 wefan (“to weave”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”)), or from -wǣfan (see bewǣfan, ymbwǣfan);^[6] and
• partly onomatopoeic.

Noun sense 6 (“name of a number of flatfish”) is possibly derived from sense 1 (“brief, gentle breeze; a light gust of air”), sense 4 (“small quantity of cloud, smoke, vapour, etc.”), and other such senses.^[7]

The verb^[8] and adjective^[1] are derived from the noun. Verb sense 2.6 (“to catch fish by dragging a handline near the surface of the water from a moving boat”) is possibly derived from sense 1.1 (“to carry or convey (something) by, or as by, a whiff or puff of air”), sense 2.2 (“to be carried, または move as if carried, by a puff of air”), and other such senses.^[9]

The interjection is derived from noun sense 7.4 (“a sound like that of air passing through a small opening; a short または soft whistle”).

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA^(key): /(h)wɪf/
• 韻: -ɪf

名詞

whiff (複数形 whiffs)

1. A brief, gentle breeze; a light gust of air; a waft.

   Synonym: puff

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, OCLC 84758312, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Purrus at Pryam driues, but all in rage, / Strikes vvide, but vvith the vvhiffe and vvinde / Of his fell ſvvord, th'unnerued father falles.

   • 1608, [Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas], “[Du Bartas His First VVeek, or Birth of the VVorld: […].] The Fourth Daie of the First VVeek.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, OCLC 1181680849, page 100:

     Now as the VVinde, buffing vpon a Hill / VVith roaring breath againſt a ready Mill, / VVhirls vvith a vvhiff the ſails of ſvvelling clout, / The ſails doo ſvving the vvinged ſhaft about.

   • 1610, William Camden, “Danmonii”, in Philémon Holland, transl., Britain, or A Chorographicall Description of the Most Flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press for] Georgii Bishop & Ioannis Norton, OCLC 1166778000, page 195:

     Their Enſignes ſhine, and Dragons fell that therein pictur'd ſhow, / VVave to and fro vvith vvhiffes of vvind, as it doth gently blovv.

   • 1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “Introduces Some Respectable Characters with whom the Reader is Already Acquainted, and Shows how Monks and the Jew Laid Their Worthy Heads Together”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], OCLC 558204586, page 29:

     "Give her a whiff of fresh air with the bellows, Charley," said Mr. Dawkins; "and you slap her hands, Fagin, while Bill undoes the petticoats."

2. A short inhalation or exhalation of breath, especially when accompanied by smoke from a cigarette or pipe.
   • 1599 (first performance; published 1600)​, Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man out of His Humour. A Comicall Satyre. […]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, OCLC 960101342, Act III, scene vi, page 129:

     Sogi[liardo]. […] [D]oe you profeſſe theſe ſleights in tabacco? / […] / Shift. Yes, as ſoone, ſir: hee ſhall receiue the firſt, ſecond, and third vvhiffe, if it pleaſe him, and (vpon the receit) take his horſe, drinke his three cups of Canarie, and expoſe one at Hounſlovv, a ſecond at Stanes, and a third at Bagſhot.

   • 1714 July 27 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison, “FRIDAY, July 16, 1714”, in The Spectator, number 568; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume VI, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, OCLC 191120697, page 259:

     I was yesterday in a coffee-house not far from the Royal Exchange, where I observed three persons in close conference over a pipe of tobacco; upon which, having filled one for my own use, I lighted it at the little wax candle that stood before them: and, after having thrown in two or three whiffs amongst them, sat down and made one of the company.

   • a. 1718, Matthew Prior, “Epigram”, in The Poetical Works of Matthew Prior […], volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan, […], published 1779, OCLC 491256769, page 216:

     Four pipes after dinner he conſtantly ſmokes; / And ſeaſons his whifs with impertinent jokes.

   • 1743, Henry Fielding, “Being the Last. In which This True History is Brought to a Happy Conclusion.”, in The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews, and His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams. […], volume II, 3rd edition, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], OCLC 1157347657, book IV, page 219:

     Gaffar Andrevvs teſtified no remarkable Emotion, he bleſſed and kiſſed her, but complained bitterly, that he vvanted his Pipe, not having had a VVhiff that Morning.

   • 1840 January 10​, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[Ballads.] The Wreck of the Hesperus.”, in Ballads and Other Poems, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1842, OCLC 978271908, stanza 5, page 43:

     The skipper, he blew a whiff from his pipe, / And a scornful laugh laughed he.

   • 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], OCLC 633494058, chapter 78, page 396:

     Mr. Willet looked first at her, then at his son, then back again at Dolly, and then made an ineffectual effort to extract a whiff from his pipe, which had gone out long ago.

   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “In the Enemy’s Camp”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, OCLC 702939134, part VI (Captain Silver), page 228:

     Silver took a whiff or two of his pipe with great composure, and then ran on again.

   1. (by extension, archaic) A cigarette or small cigar.
3. An odour (usually unpleasant) carried briefly through the air.

   Synonym: sniff

   • 1731, [Jonathan Swift], “Strephon and Chloe”, in A Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed. […], Dublin; London: […] [William Bowyer] for J. Roberts […], published 1734, OCLC 1102705083, page 8:

     And then, ſo nice, and ſo genteel; / Such Cleanlineſs from Head to Heel: / No Humours groſs, or frowzy Steams, / No noiſom Whiffs, or ſweaty Streams, / Before, behind, above, below, / Could from her taintleſs Body flow.

   • 1774 April 19, Edmund Burke, Speech of Edmund Burke, Esq. on American Taxation, April 19, 1774, 2nd edition, London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1775, OCLC 873432945, page 85:

     The fortune of ſuch men was a temptation too great to be reſiſted by one, to whom, a ſingle whiff of incenſe withheld gave much greater pain, than he received delight, in the clouds of it, which daily roſe about him from the prodigal ſuperſtition of innumerable admirers.

   • 1785, William Cowper, “Book IV. The Winter Evening.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], OCLC 228757725, page 161:

     [E]v'ry twentieth pace / Conducts the unguarded noſe to ſuch a whiff / Of ſtale debauch forth-iſſuing from the ſtyes / That law has licenſed, as makes temp'rance reel.

   • 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “Martin Disembarks from that Noble and Fast-sailing Line of Packet Ship, the Screw, at the Port of New York, in the United States of America. […]”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, OCLC 977517776, page 203:

     When the major rose from his rocking-chair before the stove and so disturbed the hot air and balmy whiff of soup which fanned their brows, the odour of stale tobacco became so decidedly prevalent as to leave no doubt of its proceeding mainly from that gentleman's attire.

   • 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter II, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, OCLC 19736994; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, OCLC 258624721, page 21:

     But the butterflies were dead. A whiff of rotten eggs had vanquished the pale clouded yellows which came pelting across the orchard and up Dods Hill and away on to the moor, now lost behind a furze bush, then off again helter-skelter in a broiling sun

4. A small quantity of cloud, smoke, vapour, etc.; specifically (obsolete), chiefly in take the whiff: a puff of tobacco smoke.

   Synonym: puff

   • 1599 (first performance; published 1600)​, Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man out of His Humour. A Comicall Satyre. […]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, OCLC 960101342, page 79:

     Shift. […] His chiefe exerciſes are, taking the VVhiffe, ſquiring a Cockatrice, and making priuy ſearches for Imparters.

   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Voyage”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, OCLC 702939134, part II (The Sea Cook), page 83:

     The Hispaniola rolled steadily, dipping her bowsprit now and then with a whiff of spray.

5. A flag used as a signal; a waff, a waif, a wheft.
   • 1832, [Frederick Marryat], chapter XI, in Newton Forster; or, The Merchant Service. […], volume III, London: James Cochrane and Co., […], OCLC 3696068, page 178:

     When the Indiaman was within a mile, the stranger threw out neutral colours, and hoisted a whiff, half-mast down, as a signal that she was in distress.

6. The name of a number of flatfish such as (dated) the lemon sole (Microstomus kitt) and now, especially, the megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) and (with a descriptive word) a species of large-tooth flounder or sand flounder (family Paralichthyidae).
7. (figuratively)
   1. A slight sign of something; a burst, a glimpse, a hint.
      • 1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], OCLC 879551664, pages 23–24:

        [I]t reflects to the diſrepute of our Miniſters […] that after all this light of the Goſpel vvhich is, and is to be, and all this continuall preaching, they ſhould be ſtill frequented vvith ſuch an unprincipl'd, unedify'd, and laick rabble, as that the vvhiffe of every nevv pamphlet ſhould ſtagger them out of thir catechiſm, and Chriſtian vvalking.

      • 1649, J[ohn] Milton, “XXVII. Intitl’d to the Prince of Wales”, in ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [EIKONOKLASTES] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], OCLC 1044608640, page 222:

        [N]othing can be more unhappy, more diſhonourable, more unſafe for all, then vvhen a vviſe, grave, and honourable Parlament ſhall have labourd, debated, argu'd, conſulted, and, as he himſelfe ſpeaks, contributed for the public good all their Counſels in common, to be then fruſtrated, diſapoiunted, deny'd and repuls'd by the ſingle vvhiffe of a negative, from the mouth of one vvillfull man; […]

      • 1767, [Laurence Sterne], chapter IX, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume IX, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […], OCLC 938413191, page 12:

        [A] vvhiff of military pride had puff'd out his ſhirt at the vvriſt; and upon that in a black leather thong clipp'd into a taſſel beyond the knot, hung the Corporal's ſtick— […]

      • 1817 (date written), [Lord Byron], “Stanza L”, in Beppo, a Venetian Story, London: John Murray, […], published 1818, OCLC 1166901744, page 26:

        They had their little differences, too; / Their jealous whiffs, which never any change meant: […]

      • 1878 January–December, Thomas Hardy, “Sights and Sounds Draw the Wanderers Together”, in The Return of the Native […], volume III, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], published 1878, OCLC 1167534396, book V (The Discovery), page 243:

        But there seemed to be not a whiff of life left in either of the unfortunates.

      • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Silver’s Embassy”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, OCLC 702939134, part IV (The Stockade), page 163:

        This little whiff of temper seemed to cool Silver down. He had been growing nettled before, but now he pulled himself together.

      • 2012 September 23, Ben Smith, “Leeds United 2 – 1 Everton”, in BBC Sport‎^[1], archived from the original on 24 May 2021:

        This was a rare whiff of the big-time for a club whose staple diet became top-flight football for so long—the glamour was in short supply, however. Thousands of empty seats and the driving Yorkshire rain saw to that.

      • 2014 February 14, Kenneth Lin, “Chapter 18”, in House of Cards, season 2, episode 5, spoken by Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey):

        I can tell you first-hand that we are dealing with a regime that is not being forthright and will seize upon the faintest whiff of trepidation. This is a test to see how far they can push us before we break.

   2. A slight attack or touch.
   3. A characteristic quality of something; a flavour, a savour, a taste.
   4. A sound like that of air passing through a small opening; a short or soft whistle.
      • 1712, Humphry Polesworth [pseudonym; John Arbuthnot], “The Sequel of the History of the Meeting at the Salutation”, in Lewis Baboon Turned Honest, and John Bull Politician. Being the Fourth Part of Law is a Bottomless-Pit. […], London: […] John Morphew, […], OCLC 1205413427, page 5:

        Nic. anſvver'd little to that, but immediately pull'd out a Boatſvvain's VVhistle; upon the firſt VVhiff, the Tradeſmen came jumping into the Room, […]

   5. (sports, chiefly US, slang) A failure to hit a ball in various sports (for example, golf); a miss.
      1. (baseball) From the batter's perspective: a strike.
8. (archaic) An expulsion of explosive or shot.
   • 1837, Thomas Carlyle, “The Whiff of Grapeshot”, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume III (The Guillotine), London: James Fraser, […], OCLC 1026761782, book VII (Vendémiaire), pages 444–445:

     Singular: in old Broglie's time, six years ago, this Whiff of Grapeshot was promised: but it could not be given then; could not have profited then.

9. (nautical) An outrigged boat for one person propelled by oar.
10. (obsolete) A sip of an alcoholic beverage.
    • 1624 September 29 (Gregorian calendar), Jos[eph] Hall, The True Peace-Maker, Laid forth in a Sermon before His Maiesty at Theobalds. September 19. 1624, London: […] J. Haviland for Nath[aniel] Butter, OCLC 1203323373, page 13:

      Fly about vvhither thou vvilt, […] thou ſhalt no vvhere finde reſt for the ſoles of thy feet, but in this Arke of Chriſts perfect righteouſneſſe: In vaine ſhalt thou ſeeke it […] in beds of luſt, cheſts of Mammon, vvhiffes and draughts of intoxication, ſongs of ribaldry, ſports of recreation; […]

    • 1653, François Rabelais; Thomas Urquhart and Peter Anthony Motteux, transl., “How Gargantua was Borne in a Strange Manner”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], OCLC 503530; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], OCLC 977536467, book the first, page 24:

      I will yet go drink one whiffe more and if in the meane time any thing befall you that may require my presence, I will be so near to you, that, at the first whistling in your fist, I shall be with you forthwith: […]

下位語

• (flounder of the family Paralichthyidae): anglefin whiff, horned whiff, sand whiff, Veracruz whiff

派生語

• whiffle
• whiffy

動詞

whiff (三人称単数 現在形 whiffs, 現在分詞 whiffing, 過去形および過去分詞形 whiffed)

1. (transitive)
   1. To carry or convey (something) by, or as by, a whiff or puff of air; to blow, puff, or waft away.
      • 1620 January 17 (first performance; Gregorian calendar)​, Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Newes from the New World Discover’d in the Moon. A Masque, […]”, in The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. The Second Volume. […] (Second Folio), London: […] Richard Meighen, published 1640–1641, OCLC 51546498, page 42:

        There are in all but three vvayes of going thither [to the moon]. […] [The] third, Old Empedocles vvay; vvho vvhen he leaped into Ætna, having a drie ſeare bodie, and light, the ſmoake took him and vvhift him up into the Moone, vvhere he lives yet vvaving up and dovvne like a feather, all foot and embers comming out of that cole-pit; our Poet met him, and talkt vvith him.

      • 1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Mercury de Breze”, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume I (The Bastille), London: Chapman and Hall Limited, OCLC 1026761782, book V (The Third Estate), pages 160–161:

        Five weeks ago, when they kissed the hand of Majesty, the mode he took got nothing but censure; and then his 'sincere attachment,' how was it scornfully whiffed aside!

      • 1889, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “A Royal Banquet”, in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, New York, N.Y.: Charles L. Webster & Company, OCLC 1072888, page 206:

        The assemblage rose, whiffed ceremony to the winds, and rushed for the door like a mob; […]

      • 1918 August, Charles Wellington Furlong, “Climbing the Shoulders of Atlas”, in Harper’s Magazine, volume CXXXVII, number DCCCXIX, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], OCLC 924884025, page 433, column 1:

        [Alexander von] Humboldt reached the peak at eight o'clock suffering from cold; we arrived at six, perspiring from the climb to face the same bitter, westerly wind which searched our marrow as it tore over the world. It whiffed by us steam and sulphurous vapors from the caldron, the Echeyde (Hell) of the Guanches; the La Caldera Diabla (Devil's Caldron) of the Spanish peasantry, in which all food of hell is cooked.

   2. To say (something) with an exhalation of breath.
      • 1765, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XXVI, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume VIII, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […], OCLC 959921514, page 119:

        [H]e ſat ſolitary and penſive vvith his pipe—looking at his lame leg—then vvhiffing out a ſentimental heigh ho! vvhich mixing vvith the ſmoak, incommoded no one mortal.

      • 1889, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “The First Newspaper”, in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, New York, N.Y.: Charles L. Webster & Company, OCLC 1072888, page 343:

        They crossed themselves, and whiffed out a protective prayer or two.

   3. To inhale or exhale (smoke from tobacco, etc.) from a cigarette, pipe, or other smoking implement; to smoke (a cigarette, pipe, etc.); to puff.
      • a. 1645 (date written), Fr[ancis] Quarles, “The Plague-affrighted Mans Danger. Meditat[ion] XVI.”, in Judgement and Mercie for Afflicted Souls: Or Meditations, Soliloquies, and Prayers, London: […] R. Daniel for V[rsula] Q[uarles], published 1646, OCLC 1227589548, page 92:

        VVhat pleaſure tak'ſt thou in that breath, vvhich dravvs & vvhiffs perpetuall fears?

      • 1859, George Meredith, “Indicates the Approaches of Fever”, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, OCLC 213819910, page 126:

        […] Richard, knowing his retainer's zest for conspiracy too well to seek him anywhere but in the part most favoured with shelter and concealment, found him furtively whiffing tobacco.

      • 1902, Eva Emery Dye, “Mulberry Hill”, in The Conquest: The True Story of Lewis and Clark, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Company, OCLC 283622, book I (When Red Men Ruled), page 90:

        There was silence as they [the Shawnees] whiffed at the council pipes. Then a tall chief arose and glanced at the handful of whites and at his own three hundred along the walls of the council house.

   4. To breathe in or sniff (an odour); to smell.
      • 1635, Fra[ncis] Quarles, “Canto VII. Cant[icles] VII. XI.”, in Emblemes, London: […] G[eorge] M[iller] and sold at at Iohn Marriots shope […], OCLC 1161712157, book IV, stanza 1, page 209:

        Come, come, my deare, and let us both retire / And vvhiffe the dainties of the fragrant fields: […]

      • a. 1645 (date written), Fra[ncis] Quarles, “Eglogue X”, in The Shepheards Oracles: Delivered in Certain Eglogues, London: […] M. F. for John Marriot and Richard Marriot, […], published 1645 (indicated as 1646), OCLC 1203251243, page 119:

        The kalender, […] hath late deſcry'd / That evill affected planet Mars, ally'd / To temporizing Mercury, conjoyn'd / I'th'houſe of Death; […] That Houſe; vvhich like a Sun in this our Orbe, / VVhiffes up the Belgick fumes, and does abſorbe / From every Soile rich vapours, […]

      • 1891 October, Will Allen Dromgoole, “A Grain of Gold”, in B[enjamin] O[range] Flower, editor, The Arena, volume IV, number XXIII, Boston, Mass.: The Arena Publishing Co., OCLC 7416744, pages 631–632:

        He glanced once at the pines, going farther away, whiffed at the pleasant odor of the grape blooms, waved his hand to the roses, in farewell, perhaps, lifted his face to the blue heaven— […] then, wearing that same old look of his mother's, he turned, without a word, and re-entered the prison.

   5. (slang)
      1. (archaic or dated) To shoot (someone) with a firearm; hence, to assassinate or kill (someone).
         • 1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Storm and Victory”, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume I (The Bastille), London: Chapman and Hall Limited, OCLC 1026761782, book V (The Third Estate), page 187:

           Arms are the one thing needful: with arms we are an unconquerable man-defying National Guard; without arms, a rabble to be whiffed with grapeshot.

         • 1916 January, Pousse Cailloux, “75’s”, in Blackwood’s Magazine, volume CXCIX, number MCCIII, American edition, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publication Co., Barr Ferree, prop[rietor] […], OCLC 1042815524, section I, page 59, column 1:

           It was pointed out that troops would not always remain in the open to be whiffed out of existence by shrapnel. Rather would they get under cover at what speed they might. So a shell to deal with entrenchments, buildings, and fortifications was indicated.

         • 1939, Raymond Chandler, chapter 14, in The Big Sleep, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Crime/Black Lizard, published August 1992, →ISBN, page 82:

           You shot Geiger to get it. Last night in the rain. It was dandy shooting weather. The trouble is he wasn't alone when you whiffed him. Either you didn't notice that, which seems unlikely, or you got the wind up and lammed.

      2. (US, baseball) Of a pitcher: to strike out (a batter); to fan.
   6. (obsolete) To consume (an alcoholic beverage).
      • 1609, Thomas Dekker, “The Guls Horne-booke: […]: How a Gallant should Behaue Himselfe in Powles Walkes”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Non-dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker. […] (The Huth Library), volume II, London; Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: […] [Hazell, Watson, & Viney] for private circulation only, published 1885, OCLC 4797086, page 230:

        Hee therefore that would ſtriue to faſhion his leggs to his ſilke ſtockins, and his proud gate to his broad garters, let him whiffe downe theſe obſeruations; […]

      • 1653, François Rabelais; Thomas Urquhart and Peter Anthony Motteux, transl., “How Gargantua Did Eate Up Six Pilgrims in a Sallet”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], OCLC 503530; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], OCLC 977536467, book the first, page 112:

        And when Gargantua whiffed the great draught, they thought to have been drowned in his mouth, and the flood of wine had almost carried them away into the gulf of his stomack.

2. (intransitive)
   1. To move in a way that causes a light gust of air, or a whistling sound.
   2. To be carried, or move as if carried, by a puff of air; to waft.
      • 1889, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Master’s Wanderings”, in The Master of Ballantrae. […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, […], OCLC 1167602436, pages 78–79:

        […] I have sought to stay myself, in falling, against what looked to be a solid trunk, and the whole thing has whiffed away at my touch like a sheet of paper.

   3. To smoke a cigarette, pipe, or other smoking implement.
      • 1601 (first performance), Thomas Dekker, Satiro-mastix. Or The Vntrussing of the Humorous Poet. […], London: […] [Edward Allde] for Edward White, […], published 1602, OCLC 837266771, signature C4, verso:

        Morrow Captaine Tucca, vvill you vvhiffe this morning?

      • 1789 September 19, “Recovered Fragments of Spenser (Continued.)”, in I[ohann] W[ilhelm] von Archenholz, editor, The British Mercury, or Annals of History, Politics, Manners, Literature, Arts, etc. of the British Empire, volume X, number 38, Hamburg: […] B. C. Hoffman, OCLC 931334864, stanza XXI, page 380:

        The brawny threſher whirling faſt his flail, / Pauſes, and takes a pinch each ſheaf betwixt; / The Squire too whiffeth, o'er his mug of ale; / And eke the Parſon, o'er ſome crabbed text, / Sucketh his pipe, and ſeeth the doctrine leſs perplext.

   4. To smell; to sniff.
   5. (slang)
      1. To give off or have an unpleasant smell; to stink.
         • 1899 January, Rudyard Kipling, “An Unsavoury Interlude”, in Stalky & Co., London: Macmillan & Co., published 1899, OCLC 1127934491, page 79:

           She [a dead cat]—is—there, gettin' ready to surprise 'em. Presently she'll begin to whisper to 'em in their dreams. Then she'll whiff. Golly, how she'll whiff!

         • 2007, Chris Walker; with Neil Bramwell, “Tourist Stalker”, in Stalker!: Chris Walker: The Autobiography, London: HarperSport, HarperCollinsPublishers, →ISBN, page 31:

           The second trauma was sharing a boat with all the foreigners who were beginning to whiff somewhat and had things crawling out of their beards, having spent days on end reaching the ferry on their bikes.

      2. (US, chiefly sports) Especially in baseball or golf: to completely miss hitting a ball; hence (baseball), of a batter: to strike out; to fan.
         • 1995, HAL Laboratory, EarthBound, Nintendo, Super Nintendo Entertainment System:

           "Casey Bat". You can't help but swing this bat with all your might. There's a good chance that you may just whiff.

      3. (by extension) To fail spectacularly.
         • 2021 June 30, Farhad Manjoo, “Democrats have a year to save the planet”, in The New York Times‎^[2], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, ISSN 0362-4331, OCLC 971436363, archived from the original on 30 June 2021:

           Or consider an alternative [imaginary] exhibit, in some side gallery, that sadly reflects on an enormous lost opportunity. […] This is a dark, dead end in the Biden library: A once mighty nation is served its toughest challenge yet, and it whiffs.

      4. (video games) In fighting games, to execute a move that fails to hit the opponent.
   6. (fishing) To catch fish by dragging a handline near the surface of the water from a moving boat.

派生語

• whiffer
• whiffing (adjective, noun)

形容詞

whiff (comparative more whiff, superlative most whiff)

1. (informal) Having a strong or unpleasant odour.

   Synonyms: stinking, whiffy; see also Thesaurus:malodorous

   • 1899 January, Rudyard Kipling, “An Unsavoury Interlude”, in Stalky & Co., London: Macmillan & Co., published 1899, OCLC 1127934491, pages 77–78:

     [F]rom under a pile of stones [they] drew forth the new-slain corpse of a cat. […] 'Well-nourished old lady, ain't she?' said Stalky. 'How long d'you suppose it'll take her to get a bit whiff in a confined space?' / 'Bit whiff! What a coarse brute you are!' said M'Turk. 'Can't a poor pussy-cat get under King's dormitory floor to die without your pursuin' her with your foul innuendoes?'

   • 2002 November 5, Jim Rozen, “Way oil”, in rec.crafts.metalworking, Usenet‎^[3]:

     Whoo boy that gear oil is pretty whiff. If you actually do this, spend the extra money for the synthetic gear oil as it will not have as bad a sulfur stink as the regular stuff.

間投詞

whiff

1. Used to indicate a sound like that of air passing through a small opening, that is, a short or soft whistle.
   • 1828, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter XXXII, in Pelham; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], OCLC 729841413, page 293:

     Sir Willoughby, […] made to this extraordinary remonstrance no other reply than a long whiff, and a "Well, Russelton, dash my wig (a favourite oath of Sir W.'s) but you're a queer fellow."

   • 1850, Alfred Tennyson, “Conclusion”, in The Princess: A Medley, 3rd edition, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 8057683, page 174:

     But yonder, whiff! there comes a sudden heat, / The gravest citizen seems to lose his head, […]

参照