blastとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English blast from 古期英語 blǣst (“blowing, blast”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāst(i), from Proto-Germanic *blēstaz, *blēstuz (“blowing, blast”).

Cognate with obsolete German Blast (“wind, blowing”), German blasen (“to blow”), Dutch blazen (“to blow”), Danish blæst (“wind”), French blaser (“to blunt, dull”). More at blow.

名詞

blast (複数形 blasts)

2. A violent gust of wind.
   • 1728, James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:

     And see where surly Winter passes off, / Far to the north, and calls his ruffian blasts; / His blasts obey, and quit the howling hill.

3. A forcible stream of gas or liquid from an orifice, for example from a bellows, the mouth, etc.
4. A hit of a recreational drug from a pipe.
5. The continuous blowing to which one charge of ore or metal is subjected in a furnace.

   many tons of iron were melted at a blast

   • 1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, p. 146:

     Blast was produced by bellows worked by four 'blowers', three of whom worked at a time while the fourth stood ready to replace one of the others.

6. The exhaust steam from an engine, driving a column of air out of a boiler chimney, and thus creating an intense draught through the fire; also, any draught produced by the blast.
7. An explosion, especially for the purpose of destroying a mass of rock, etc.

   arc blast

   • 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion‎^[1]:

     Blast after blast, fiery outbreak after fiery outbreak, like a flaming barrage from within, […] most of Edison's grounds soon became an inferno.  As though on an incendiary rampage, the fires systematically devoured the contents of Edison's headquarters and facilities.

   • 2022 January 12, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, in RAIL, number 948, page 43:

     Signalman Bridges was killed by the blast, as was fireman Nightall. Amazingly, driver Gimbert came round some 200 yards away, on the grass outside the Station Hotel where he had been flung.

8. An explosive charge for blasting.
   • 1852-1854, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts

     Large blasts are often used.

9. A loud, sudden sound.
   • 1810, Walter Scott, “(please specify the canto number または page)”, in The Lady of the Lake; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):

     One blast upon his bugle horn / Were worth a thousand men.

   • c. 1832, William Cullen Bryant, The Battle-Field

     the blast of triumph o'er thy grave

   • 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VIII, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 60:

     Then the captain sung out: ¶ "Stand away!" and the cannon let off such a blast right before me that it made me deef with the noise and pretty near blind with the smoke, and I judged I was gone.

10. A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious wind, especially on animals and plants; a blight.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 4:9:

      By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed.

    • c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon,  […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

      Vertue preferd from fell deſtuctions blaſt,

11. (figuratively, informal) A good time; an enjoyable moment.

    We had a blast at the party last night.

12. (marketing) A promotional message sent to an entire mailing list.

    an e-mail blast; a fax blast

13. A flatulent disease of sheep.

派生語

派生した語

• → Irish: bleaist

語源 2

From Middle English blasten, blesten, from 古期英語 blǣstan (“to blow, blast”), from Proto-West Germanic *blēstijan, from Proto-Germanic *blēstijaną. Possibly related to Middle High German blesten (“to stand out, plop, splash”).

動詞

blast (三人称単数 現在形 blasts, 現在分詞 blasting, 過去形および過去分詞形 blasted)

1. (transitive) To make an impression on, by making a loud blast or din.
   • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene viii]:

     Trumpeters, / With brazen din blast you the city's ear.

2. (intransitive) To make a loud noise.
3. (transitive) To shatter, as if by an explosion.
4. (transitive) To open up a hole in, usually by means of a sudden and imprecise method (such as an explosion).

   Blast right through it.

5. (transitive) To curse; to damn.

   Blast it! Foiled again.

6. (transitive, science fiction) To shoot, especially with an energy weapon (as opposed to one which fires projectiles).

   Chewbacca blasted the Stormtroopers with his laser rifle.

7. (soccer) To shoot; kick the ball in hope of scoring a goal.
   • 2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC‎^[2]:

     A Ricketts and Stuart Holden one-two around the box then created a decent chance for an almost instant equaliser - but Welsh full-back Ricketts blasted over when a calmer finish could have been rewarded.

8. To criticize or reprimand severely; to verbally discipline or punish.

   My manager suddenly blasted me yesterday for being a little late to work for five days in a row, because I was never getting myself up on time.

9. (transitive) To bring destruction or ruin on; to destroy.
   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     Both Leo and myself rushed to her - she was stone dead - blasted into death by some mysterious electric agency or overwhelming will-force whereof the dread She had command.

10. (transitive) To blight or wither.

    A cold wind blasted the rose plants.

11. (intransitive, obsolete) To be blighted or withered.
    • c. 1592, Walter Raleigh, “The Lie”, in (Please provide the book title または journal name), published 1608:

      Tell age it daily wasteth;
      tell honour how it alters;
      Tell beauty how she blasteth;
      tell fauour how it falters:
      And as they shall reply,
      giue euery one the lye.

    The bud blasted in the blossom.

12. (intransitive, obsolete) To blow, for example on a trumpet.

派生語

派生した語

• ⇒ Italian: blastare

間投詞

blast

1. (主に英国用法, informal) To show displeasure or disappointment: damn

使用する際の注意点

Can be used on its own or in the form "blast it!".

語源 3

From Ancient Greek βλαστός (blastós, “germ または sprout”).

名詞

blast (複数形 blasts)

1. (cytology) An immature or undifferentiated cell (e.g., lymphoblast, myeloblast).

派生語

• blast cell
• blastocyte
• blastoma

語源 4

From BLAST (an acronym for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool).

動詞

blast (三人称単数 現在形 blasts, 現在分詞 blasting, 過去形および過去分詞形 blasted)

1. (biology, informal, transitive) To run a nucleotide sequence (for nucleic acids) or an amino acid sequence (for proteins) through a BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool).
   • 2004, Andreas Bommarius and Bettina Riebel-Bommarius, Biocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications, p. 425:

     Blasting nucleotide sequences is not always that easy, because there is more ambiguity to the nucleotide sequence, and good hits have to have a 70% homology over the whole sequence to be reliable, compared to 25% with proteins.

別の表記

• BLAST

アナグラム

• Balts, blats

接尾辞

-blast

1. an immature cell or tissue

派生語

• spongioblast
• statoblast
• -blastic

アナグラム

• Balts, blats

派生語