英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 participle, from Old French participle (1388), variant of participe, from Latin participium.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /pɑːˈtɪsɪpəl/, /ˈpɑːtɪsɪpəl/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/

名詞

participle (plural participles)

1. (grammar) A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.

使用する際の注意点

Contemporary English constructs the passive voice, the perfect and progressive aspects from participles and auxiliary verbs. The tense is always expressed through the auxiliary verb. (The future tense is expressed through a modal verb will and infinitive)

• I have asked. (present tense, perfect aspect)
• I am asking. (present tense, progressive aspect)
• I am asked. (present tense, passive voice)

When not combined with have or be, participles are almost always adjectives and can form adjectival phrases called participial phrases. Nouns can occasionally be derived from these adjectives:

• the following items
• the following
• the dying victims
• the dying

In English, participles typically end in -ing, -ed or -en.

A present participle ending in -ing has the same form but a different function from a verbal noun called a gerund:

• food for the starving (participle)
• they barely avoided starving (gerund)

Sometimes a present participle (adjective) is mistakenly called a gerund (noun).

上位語

• verbal

下位語

派生語

Further reading

• “participle”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• participle in Britannica Dictionary