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• platonic solid (米国用法)

語源

From Platonic + solid, in reference to the Greek philosopher Plato, who in his dialogue Timaeus theorised about a correspondence between these solids and the classical physical elements.

名詞

Platonic solid (複数形 Platonic solids)

1. (geometry) Any of five convex polyhedra with congruent regular polygonal faces, which have a high degree of symmetry and have been studied since antiquity.
   • 1961, J. S. Griffith, The Theory of Transition-Metal Ions‎^[1], page 41:

     As the names suggest, the groups and their existence are connected to the five Platonic solids. They are in fact the rotation groups of the Platonic solids.

   • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 202:

     The boat which the gods tell Utnapishtim to build is no ordinary boat but a perfect cube with seven levels; the ark resembles more a Platonic solid from the Timaeus than a seaworthy craft.

   • 1993, Aharon Kantorovich, Scientific Discovery: Logic and Tinkering‎^[2], page 160:

     The erroneous number of planets, six, gave him^{[Johannes Kepler]} the clue for his model of five Platonic solids (the five regular convex polyhedra) on which he erected the universe.

   • 2015, Alexander A. Stepanov, Daniel E. Rose, From Mathematics to Generic Programming, page 44:

     In the 13th and final book, he^[Euclid] shows how to construct the five Platonic solids, and proves that they are the only regular polyhedra (bodies whose faces are congruent, regular polygons) that exist.

下位語

• (Any of five polyhedra): cube, dodecahedron, icosahedron, octahedron, regular hexahedron (cube), tetrahedron

関連する語

• Platonic hydrocarbon

参考

• Archimedean solid
• Catalan solid
• Johnson solid
• Kepler solid
• Platonic solid on Wikipedia.
• Regular 4-polytope on Wikipedia.
• List of regular polytopes and compounds on Wikipedia.