Wiktionary英語版
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astus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/07/22 16:31 UTC 版)
語源
Of uncertain origin. Suggestions include:
- from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd-*sth₂u- (“a standing by”), from *steh₂-, thus formed to astō (“to stand by”) like the verb praestō to the adverb of the same form, with a by-form praestū. In this case the full nominal declension is secondary;
- from Ancient Greek ἄστυ (ástu), from the common characterization of city-dwellers as more intelligent, also seen in urbānus; however, in the latter this appears to be a Late Republican development.
- from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱst-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) - compare Lithuanian aksti̇̀s, Latvian aksts (“prickle, sharp point”), Proto-Celtic *akstīno- (“furze, gorse”). In this case, the Proto-Italic form would be *akstus.
A long vowel is once attested for ā̆stūtia, which would be unexpected but paralleled by ācer. Attested since Plautus (second half of the 3d century BCE).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈaːs.tʊs], [ˈas.tʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈas.t̪us]
名詞
ā̆stus m (genitive ā̆stūs); fourth declension
- (usually in the ablative) (by) craft, cunning, guile (with a positive or negative connotation)
- (usually in the plural) tricks, stratagems
使用する際の注意点
The ablative singular astū is the only form used from Old Latin up through Ovid.
語形変化
Fourth-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ā̆stus | ā̆stūs |
| genitive | ā̆stūs | ā̆stuum |
| dative | ā̆stuī | ā̆stibus |
| accusative | ā̆stum | ā̆stūs |
| ablative | ā̆stū | ā̆stibus |
| vocative | ā̆stus | ā̆stūs |
同意語
- dolus
- calliditās
派生語
- ā̆stūtus
- ā̆stūtia
参考
- astū
参照
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “astus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59
Further reading
- “astus” on page 212 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
- “astus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “astus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "astus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- astus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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