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epitype
名詞
epitype
(
複数形
epitypes
)
(
taxonomy
)
An
additional
,
clarifying
type
(
specimen
または
illustration
)
of a
species
or
lower-order
taxon
,
provided
when the
holotype
and
paratypes
from
the original
classification
are
demonstrably
ambiguous
or
insufficient.
2000
,
G.-S.
Seo
,
P. M.
Kirk
,
1: Ganodermataceae:
Nomenclature
and
Classification
,
J.
Flood
,
P. D.
Bridge
,
M.
Holderness (
editors
),
Ganoderma
Diseases
of
Perennial
Crops
,
CABI
Publishing
,
page 4
,
It is
clear
,
therefore
, where any
epitype
,
selected
as an
interpretive
type
,
should be
sought. The
selection of
an
epitype
,
in the absence of
type
or
authentic
material
,
would be
important
, for
any further
molecular
work
will
need to
have
available
a
culture
of the
type species
of the
genus
which has some
nomenclatural
standing
,
i.e.
a
culture
derived from
the
epitype
.
2010
,
Philippe
Bouchet,
Ellen
E.
Strong
,
Chapter
6:
Historical
Name-Bearing
Types
in
Marine
Molluscs
:
An
Impediment
to
Biodiversity
Studies
?
,
Andrew
Polaszek (
editor
),
Systema
Naturae 250: The
Linnaean
Ark
,
Taylor
&
Francis
(
CRC
Press
),
page 72
,
The
epitype
does not
displace
the
primary
type
it is
to interpret
, but
rather
supplements
it.
2016
,
David
L.
Hawksworth,
Chapter
2: Mycotoxin-Producing and
Clinically
Important
Fungi
: Their
Classification
and
Naming
,
R.
Russell
M.
Paterson
,
Nelson
Lima
(
editors
),
Molecular Biology
of Food
and
Water Borne
Mycotoxigenic and
Mycotic
Fungi
,
Taylor
&
Francis
(
CRC
Press
),
page 9
,
In
cases
where a
name-bearing type
exists
but
does not
show
features
needed
for
conclusive
identification
with a
particular
species
circumscription
,
for example
, one
lacking
spores
,
an
interpretative
type
,
an
epitype
,
can be
designated
to supplement
information
evident
in the
name-bearing type.
Epitypes
are
increasingly
being
designated
in
mycology
today
for
sequenced
material
where
DNA
has
not or
cannot be
recovered
from the name-bearing type.
(
genetics
,
epigenetics
)
An
epigenetic
alteration
in a
gene
.
2013
, Kasirajan Ayyanathan,
Epigenetics
and
Pathology
:
Exploring
Connections
Between
Genetic
Mechanisms
,
Taylor
&
Francis
(
CRC
Press
),
page 284
,
To
test
this
hypothesis
our
discussion
is
focused on
finding
evidence
for gene-specific
epitypes
that
supports
or
rejects
cause-and-effect
relationships
between
genotype
,
epitype
and phenotype.
[
…
]
The first
approach
(A)
examines
the
penetrance
of
transgenerationally
inherited
epitypes
that are
known
to
activate
or
silence
the
expression
of
disease
related gene
(s), which
in turn
correlate
with
onset
of the
"
aberrant
"
disease
phenotypes.
[
…
]
The second
and less
direct
approach
(B)
searches
out
epitypes
that are
duplicated
,
as
DNA sequences
are
duplicated
, and
examines
multiple
copies
of
DNA sequence
and
epitype
that
have been
evolutionarily
co-conserved.
関連する語
epitypification
epitypify
Further reading
Holotype#Replacements for holotypes
on
Wikipedia.
Somatic
epitype
on
Wikipedia.
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