英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 strong, strang, from 古期英語 strang (“strong”), from Proto-West Germanic *strang (“severe, strict, rigorous, strong”), from Proto-Germanic *strangaz (“tight, strict, straight, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut, stiff, tight”).

Cognate with Scots strang (“strong”), West Frisian strang, string (“strict, harsh, severe, stern, stark, tough, strong, intense”), Dutch streng (“strict, severe, tight”), dialectal Dutch strang (“tight, strict, powerful, intense, mighty, strong”), German streng (“strict, severe, austere”), Danish and Norwegian streng (“strong, hard”), Norwegian strang (“strong, harsh, bitter”), Swedish sträng, strang (“severe, strict, harsh”), Faroese and Icelandic strangur (“strict”), Latin stringō (“tighten”). Related to strict and string.

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発音

• (英国発音) enPR: strŏng, IPA: /stɹɒŋ/, [st̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ], [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ]
  • (Northumbria) IPA: /stɹaŋ/
• (米国発音) enPR: strông, IPA: /stɹɔŋ/, [st̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ], [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ], [ʃt͡ʃɹɔŋ]
• (cot–caught merger) enPR: strŏng, IPA: /stɹɑŋ/, [st̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ], [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ]
• 韻: -ɒŋ

形容詞

strong (comparative stronger, superlative strongest)

1. Capable of producing great physical force.

   Synonyms: forceful, powerful

   Antonyms: weak, forceless

   a big strong man; Jake was tall and strong

   The man was nearly drowned after a strong undercurrent swept him out to sea.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     For he was swift as swallow in her flight,
     And strong as Lyon in his lordly might.

   • 1853 April, Warren Isham, “Notes from Hungary”, in Warren Isham, editor, The Michigan Farmer, volume XI, number 4:

     But what sight is that? It seems a town right in the river, each building standing upon its own foundation, with the deep, strong current of the river sweeping all around it? They are flouring mills operated by the natural current of the stream.

2. Capable of withstanding great physical force.

   Synonyms: durable, sturdy, tough

   Antonym: fragile

   a strong foundation; good strong shoes

   • 1889, Friedrich Nietzsche, “Sprüche und Pfeile [Maxims and Arrows]”, in Götzen-Dämmerung, oder, Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophiert [Twilight of the Idols, or, How to Philosophize with a Hammer]:

     Was mich nicht umbringt, macht mich stärker.

     What does not kill me, makes me stronger.

3. (loosely) Possessing power, might, or strength.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 24:5:

     A wise man is strong, yea a man of knowledge encreaseth strength.

   • 1954, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “The Passage of the Marshes”, in The Two Towers (The Lord of the Rings; 2), HarperCollinsPublishers, published 2001, page 619:

     Perhaps we grows very strong, stronger than Wraiths. Lord Smeagol? Gollum the Great? The Gollum! Eat fish every day, three times a day, fresh from the sea.

   • 2010, Heinrich D Holland, Karl K. Turekian, Isotope Geochemistry:

     Outgassing of oxygen is strongest when primary production rates are greatest; ingassing is at a maximum during net respiration.

   • 2007 May 27, Sam Roberts, “In a City Known for Its Renters, a Record Number Now Own Their Homes”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 27 February 2021:

     “Homeownership,” says John H. Mollenkopf, executive director of the Center for Urban Research at the City University of New York Graduate Center, “is the strongest predictor of being likely to turn out in local politics and being a bit more conservative and antitax in your general outlook.”

4. Determined; unyielding.

   Synonyms: ardent, zealous, (dialectal) swith

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

   • 1934 March, Hermann Göring, Germany Reborn, page 47:

     Ideas are eternal; they hang in the stars, and a man must be brave and strong enough to reach up to the stars and fetch down the fire from heaven and to carry the torch among men.

   • 2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America‎, archived from the original on 7 February 2019:

     It noted China was especially strong in the fast-growing area of “deep learning.”

   He is strong in the face of adversity.

5. Highly stimulating to the senses.

   Synonyms: extreme, intense

   a strong light; a strong taste

6. Having an offensive or intense odor or flavor.

   Synonym: rank

   a strong smell

7. Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient.

   Synonyms: concentrated, potent

   Antonyms: weak, diluted, impotent

   a strong cup of coffee; a strong medicine

8. (specifically) Having a high alcoholic content.

   Synonym: hard

   a strong drink

   She gets up, and pours herself a strong one. - Eagles, Lying Eyes

9. (grammar) Inflecting in a different manner than the one called weak, such as Germanic verbs which change vowels.

   Antonym: weak

   a strong verb

10. (Indo-European studies, especially of stems or inflected roots) Of a form in which the accent is in the leftmost (first) slot allowed in the relevant paradigm, or reflecting an ancestral Proto-Indo-European form in which this was the case, as opposed to tending to shift to the right.
    • 2007, James Clackson, Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction‎, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 3.5, page 79:

      Paradigmatic slots in which the accent and correlating e-grade are positioned further to the left of the word are traditionally termed strong, those with accent and e-grade further to the right, are called weak. In all nouns and verbs which show these alternations, the strong and the weak forms are predictable from the morphological category […].

    Antonym: weak

    PIE strong stems were most frequently in the full grade (e-grade), less often in the o-grade (though more common in thematic nouns and stative verbs) and least often in the zero grade.

    1. (of nouns and adjectives) In the nominative, accusative or vocative case, regardless of number, or sometimes in the locative singular.

       Strong *dʰéh₁-mn̥, weak *dʰh₁-mén-.

    2. (of verbs) Typically, of a conjugation which is singular and active; i.e., excluding dual and plural numbers and passive/middle voices.

       Strong *dʰéh₁- (e.g. *dʰéh₁m̥ (“I put”), *dʰéh₁oh₂ (“I would put”)), weak *dʰh₁- (e.g. *dʰh₁ént (“they all put”), active participle *dʰh₁ónts, *dʰh₁tó (“(he/she/it) is placed”), middle participle *dʰh₁m̥h₁nós).

11. (chemistry) That completely ionizes into anions and cations in a solution.

    Antonym: weak

    a strong acid;  a strong base

12. (military) Not easily subdued or taken.

    Synonyms: impregnable, inviolable, secure, unassailable, unattackable

    Antonym: weak

    a strong position

13. Having wealth or resources.

    a strong economy

14. (slang, US) Impressive, good.

    You're working with troubled youth in your off time? That’s strong!

15. Having a specified number of people or units.

    The enemy's army force was five thousand strong.

    • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene i:

      Our armie will be forty thouſand ſtrong,
      When Tamburlain and braue Theridamas
      Haue met vs by the riuer Araris:
      And all conioin’d to meete the witleſſe King,
      That now is marching neere to Parthia.

16. (of a disease or symptom) Severe; very bad or intense.
    • 2005, Andrew Gaeddert, Healing Immune Disorders: Natural Defense-Building Solutions, North Atlantic Books, page 221:

      Physicians may diagnosis influenza by a throat culture or blood test, which may be important if you have a particularly strong flu, if your doctor suspects pneumonia or a bacterial infection.

17. (mathematics, logic) Having a wide range of logical consequences; widely applicable. (Often contrasted with a weak statement which it implies.)
18. (of an argument) Convincing.
    • 1558, John Knox, The Appellation of Iohn Knoxe from the cruell and moſt iniuſt ſentence pronounced againſt him by the falſe biſhoppes and clergie of Scotland, page 11v:

      […] but grounding him ſelfe vpon ſtrong reaſons, to wit, that he had not offended the Iewes, neither yet the Law, but that he was innocēt, and therefore that no iudge oght to geue hym in the hādes of his ennemies […]

下位語

• ultrastrong

派生語

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: tranga
  • Aukan: taanga
  • Saramaccan: taánga

参考

• strength

名詞

strong pl (plural only)

1. (preceeded by "the") Strong people, collectively.

副詞

strong (not comparable)

1. In a strong manner.

   As a salesperson I always come on strong.

同意語

• (in a strong manner): forcefully, powerfully, vigorously, strongly

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “in a strong manner”): forcelessly, powerlessly, weakly

参考

• strong as an ox
• strong personality
• strong verb

アナグラム

• trongs

形容詞

strong

1. alternative form of strang

語形変化

別の表記

• stronge, stronke, stron, strange, straunge

発音

• IPA: /strɔ̝ːnɡ/, /strɔnɡ/
• IPA: /stroːnɡ/, /strunɡ/ (West Midland)
• IPA: /stranɡ/, /straːnɡ/ (Northern)

形容詞

strong (plural and weak singular stronge, comparative strengere, strongere, superlative strengest, strongest)

1. strong

   Antonyms: feble, weyk

関連する語

• strengthe
• strengthen
• stronge

派生した語

• English: strong
• Scots: strang
• Yola: straung

参照

• “strong, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

形容詞

strong

1. alternative form of straunge

語源 3

形容詞

strong

1. alternative form of stronge