英和和英

別の表記

• Du. (“abbreviation”)

語源

Derived from 中期英語 Duch (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Middle Low German dütsch, düdesch (“German, Low German, Dutch”) and Middle Dutch dūtsch, dūtsc (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of one’s people”), derived from *þeudō (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂. Doublet of Deutsch and Doitsu.

Compare 中期英語 thedisch (“native, endemic”) from 古期英語 þēodisċ (“of one’s people”), Old Saxon thiudisk (German Low German düütsch (“German”)), Old High German diutisc (modern German deutsch (“German”)), modern Dutch Duits (“German”) alongside elevated Diets (“Dutch”) (a secondary distinction, fully accepted only in the 19th century). See also Derrick, Teuton, Teutonic.

The pejorative senses (Dutch courage, Dutch wife, Dutch uncle, etc.) are said to stem from the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the accompanying rivalry.

発音

• enPR: dŭch, IPA: /dʌt͡ʃ/
• (Northern England, Ireland) IPA: /dʊt͡ʃ/
• 韻: -ʌtʃ

形容詞

Dutch (comparative more Dutch or Dutcher, superlative most Dutch or Dutchest)

1. Of or pertaining to the Netherlands, the Dutch people or the Dutch language.
2. (archaic, fossil word) Pertaining to Germanic-speaking peoples on the European continent, chiefly the Germans (especially established German-speaking communities in parts of the USA), or the Dutch; Teutonic; Germanic.
3. (obsolete, fossil word, derogatory) Substitute, inferior, ersatz.
4. (dated) Thrifty.
5. (South Africa, derogatory, ethnic slur) Pertaining to Afrikaner culture (Cape Dutch).

派生語

固有名詞

Dutch

1. The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.
   • 2001 December 2, Giles Milton, “'The Riddle and the Knight'”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 19 April 2022:

     By the time this mysterious knight died in the 1360s, his book was available in every European language, including Dutch, Gaelic, Czech, Catalan, and Walloon.

   • 2003, Anthony F. Buccini, "Ab errore liberato". The Northern Expansion of Frankish Power in the Merovingian Period and the Genesis of the Dutch Language, in: Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik: Band 57 — 2003: Quod vulgo dicitur: Studien zum Altniederländischen, volume edited by Willy Pijnenburg, Arend Quak, Tanneke Schoonheim, here p. 183:

     According to this view, Dutch is a descendant of Old (West) Low Franconian and [...]

   • 2022, “2023 Laws of Chess”, in FIDE‎, page 21:

     For the abbreviation of the name of the pieces, each player is free to use the name which is commonly used in his/her country. Examples: F = fou (French for bishop), L = loper (Dutch for bishop). In printed periodicals, the use of figurines is recommended.

2. (archaic) German; the main language of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany, Austria, Alsace, Luxembourg).
3. A male given name, more often given as a nickname to someone of Dutch or German ancestry than as an official given name.

同意語

(language of Netherlands and Flanders):

• Netherlandic, Netherlandish

Holonyms

(language of Netherlands and Flanders):

• Low Franconian

派生語

派生した語

• → Hindi: डच (ḍač)

名詞

Dutch pl (plural only)

1. (collective) The people of the Netherlands, or one of certain ethnic groups descending from the people of the Netherlands.

   The Dutch will vote on the matter next month.

   In upstate New York, the Dutch continued to speak their language into the nineteenth century.

2. (collective, South Africa, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Afrikaner people (Cape Dutch).
3. (collective) The Pennsylvania Dutch people.

派生語

関連する語

名詞

Dutch (uncountable)

1. (dated) Synonym of double Dutch (“incomprehensible language or speech”).
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Edgar Wallace to this entry?)

     “Queer language, that, sir,” said the officer. “It was Dutch to me.”

   • 1927, Ernest Bramah, Max Carrados Mysteries

     Now, Max, pray enlighten the company. Why should the murderer write "Italian spoken" over the bed?'
     'Obviously to make sure that you shouldn't miss it,' replied Mr Carrados.
     'Well,' remarked the sergeant, demonstrating one or two simple exercises in physical drill as a suitable preparation, 'I may as well be going. I don't understand Italian myself. Nor Dutch either,' he added cryptically.

動詞

Dutch (third-person singular simple present Dutches, present participle Dutching, simple past and past participle Dutched)

1. To treat cocoa beans or powder with an alkali solution to darken the color and lessen the bitterness of the flavor.
   • 2015, Deb Wise, Incredibly Decadent Desserts: 100 Divine Treats Under 300 Calories:

     Dutch processed is made from cocoa beans that have been treated with an alkalized solution. You'll get a deeper color and a great chocolaty flavor, but more importantly, the process of Dutching the chocolate renders the powder neutral.

参考

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Dutch terms
• Appendix:Dutch Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Dutch

Further reading

• Dutch - English Dictionary: from Webster's Dictionary - the Rosetta Edition.
• ISO 639-1 code nl, ISO 639-3 code nld (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Dutch, nld ⁠