英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: fĭsh, IPA: /fɪʃ/
• (Australia) IPA: /fɪ̝ʃ/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /fɘʃ/
• 異形同音異義語: phish, ghoti
• 韻: -ɪʃ
• ハイフネーション: fish

語源 1

From 中期英語 fisch, from 古期英語 fisċ (“fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz (“fish”), from Proto-Indo-European *piskós (“fish”).

名詞

fish (countable and uncountable, plural fish or fishes)

1. (countable) A typically cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water, moving with the help of fins and breathing with gills; any vertebrate that is not a tetrapod.

   Hypernyms: vertebrate < animal < organism < creature

   Salmon is a fish.

   The fishmonger sells fishes from all over the world.

   Ichthyologists study the fish of the world.

   We have many fish in our aquarium.

2. (cladistically) Any vertebrate, including tetrapods.
3. (archaic or loosely) Any animal (or any vertebrate) that lives exclusively in water.
   • 1774, Oliver Goldsmith, History of the Earth and Animated Nature, volume IV:

     The whale, the limpet, the tortoise and the oyster… as men have been willing to give them all the name of fishes, it is wisest for us to conform.

   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick‎:

     Be it known that, waiving all argument, I take the good old fashioned ground that the whale is a fish, and call upon holy Jonah to back me.

   • 1952 September 1, Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 80:

     "What an excellent fish dolphin is to eat cooked," he said. "And what a miserable fish raw. I will never go in a boat again without salt or limes."

   1. Now used in combination: (e.g., starfish, cuttlefish, jellyfish, etc).
4. (Newfoundland) Cod; codfish.
5. (uncountable) The flesh of the fish used as food.

   The seafood pasta had lots of fish but not enough pasta.

   Though Lena is a vegetarian, she doesn't have any problem with eating fish.

   • 2012 March, “Flexing your brain”, in Consumer Reports on Health, volume 24, number 3, page 9:

     Include low-mercury fish in your diet (such as salmon) and eat at least five servings a day of fruit and vegetables, especially dark leafy greens, broccoli, and cauliflower. Avoid saturated and trans fats, which may hasten brain aging.

6. (Roman Catholicism) An aquatic or semiaquatic animal suitable for consumption during fasting on Fridays during Lent.
   • 2017 April 7, sjchurchadmin, Saint Joachim Catholic Church‎:

     Since the semi-aquatic beaver was a skilled swimmer, the Church declared it to be a fish for dietary purposes.

   • 2023 February 20, William Taylor Potter, The Daily Advertiser‎:

     Throughout the Catholic Church's long history, archbishops and other prominent church leaders have made numerous declarations about which animals can be considered "fish for the purposes of Lent, even if those animals have virtually no similarities to fish in a scientific sense.

   • 2023 March 9, Jessie Molloy, Tasting Table‎:

     During the 17th and 18th centuries, Catholics around the world began to liberally interpret "fish" as any aquatic-based creature, despite blood temperature, and created local meat exceptions that remain in place today.

7. (uncountable) A card game in which the object is to obtain cards in pairs or sets of four (depending on the variation), by asking the other players for cards of a particular rank.
8. (countable, slang) An easy victim for swindling.
9. (countable, poker slang) A bad poker player. Compare shark (a good poker player).
10. (countable, nautical) A makeshift overlapping longitudinal brace, originally shaped roughly like a fish, used to temporarily repair or extend a spar or mast of a ship.
11. (nautical) A purchase used to fish the anchor.
12. (countable, nautical, military, slang) A torpedo (self-propelled explosive device).
    • 1977, Richard O'Kane, Clear the Bridge: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang, Ballantine Books, published 2003, page 344:

      The second and third fish went to the middle of her long superstructure and under her forward deck.

    • 1999, John Winton, The Submariners: Life in British Submarines 1901-1999, page 114:

      As we came off patrol we had some torpedoes fired at us by an enemy submarine but we dived out of the way. About April 10 we fired our fish in two salvoes at a convoy.

13. (cartomancy) The thirty-fourth Lenormand card.
14. (uncountable, slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes positive) A (feminine) woman. (See also fishy.)
15. (prison slang) A new (usually vulnerable) prisoner.
    • 1986 April 19, Michael Rathbone, “Tell Someone”, in Gay Community News, page 4:

      When a young male enters the prison system he is looked over and is labeled a FISH.

16. (Jamaica, offensive, derogatory) A male homosexual; a gay man.
    • 2007, “Touch The Road” (track 18), in Gangsta for Life: The Symphony of David Brooks, performed by Mavado (singer):

      Him father is a fish so mi know say it's sprat dat

      His father is a homosexual, so I know that he is too.

    • 2021 August 4, “Street Cred”‎performed by Skeng:

      Bere gunman deh ya we nuh fren fish (hey bwoy)

      Lots of gunmen are here, we don't befriend gay men (hey boy)

17. (LGBTQ slang, sometimes problematic) A drag queen or transgender woman who looks like a cisgender woman.
18. (cellular automata, rare) A spaceship.

使用する際の注意点

• The collective plural of fish (and derived terms) is typically invariable fish, except in archaic texts where fishes is sometimes used. When referring to two or more kinds of fish, the plural is fishes.

同意語

• (potential swindling victim): mark
• (card game): Go Fish
• (bad poker player): donkey, donk

下位語

• (aquatic cold-blooded vertabrae with gills): Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes
• (food): seafood

等位語

派生語

関連する語

• (adj): fishly, piscine, fishy (inf.)
• (astronomical): Fish, Pisces
• (collective): piscifauna
• (combinatorial form): pisci- (Latinate, general)
• (fish-catcher): See fisher
• (fish-eater): piscivore
• (fish-infesting): piscicolous
• (fish-killing): piscicidal
• (fish-like): fishly, piscose (culinary), fishy, fishlike (inf.)
• (fish science): fishlore, piscatology (irreg.)
• (fish-shaped): pisciform
• (fish vendor): fishmonger, piscitarian
• (full of fish): fishful, pisculent
• (skin disorder): fish-skin disease
• (state of being a fish): fishdom, fishhood (formal), piscinity (formal), fishiness (inf.)
• (taxonomical): Actinopterygii, bony fish, cartilaginous fish, finned fish, finfish, Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: fisi
• → Chinook Jargon: pish
• → Finnish: fisu
• → Zulu: ufishi

語源 2

Deverbal from to fish (etymology 3).

名詞

fish (plural fishes)

1. A period of time spent fishing.

   The fish at the lake didn't prove successful.

2. An instance of seeking something.

   Merely two fishes for information told the whole story.

語源 3

From 古期英語 fiscian, from Proto-West Germanic *fiskōn, from Proto-Germanic *fiskōną.

動詞

fish (third-person singular simple present fishes, present participle fishing, simple past and past participle fished)

1. (intransitive, transitive) To hunt fish or other aquatic animals in a body of water, or to collect coral or pearls from the bottom of the sea.

   We went fishing for crabs by the pier.

   She went to the river to fish for trout.

   • 19th c., anonymous, "The Bonny Ship the 'Diamond'"

     It's cheer up, my lads, let your hearts never fail,

     For the bonny ship the Diamond goes a-fishing for the whale.

   • 1828, Sir Walter Scott, chapter V, in The Fair Maid of Perth‎, page 133:

     Thou hast fished salmon a thousand times, and mightst have taken a lesson.

2. (transitive) To search (a body of water) for something other than fish.

   They fished the surrounding lakes for the dead body.

3. (fishing, transitive) To use as bait when fishing.
   • 1983, The Fisherman Who Laughed, page 40:

     `What you need are frogs,' said the veteran. `Fish them at night. There's nothing like them on big cork floats.'

4. (intransitive) To (attempt to) find or get hold of an object by searching among other objects.

   Synonym: rummage

   Why are you fishing through my things?

   He was fishing for the keys in his pocket.

5. (intransitive, followed by "for" or "around for") To talk to people in an attempt to get them to say something, or seek to obtain something by artifice.

   The detective visited the local pubs fishing around for more information.

   The actors loitered at the door, fishing for compliments.

   • 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:

     Laoctonos is fishing for a compliment,
     But ’tis his due. Yes, you have drunk more wine,
     And shed more blood, than any man in Thebes.

6. (intransitive, cricket) Of a batsman, to attempt to hit a ball outside off stump and miss it.
7. (nautical, transitive) To repair (a spar or mast) by fastening a beam or other long object (often called a fish) over the damaged part (see Noun above).
   • 1970, James Henderson, The Frigates, an account of the lesser warships of the wars from 1793 to 1815, Wordsworth, published 1998, page 143:

     […] the crew were set to replacing and splicing the rigging and fishing the spars.

8. (nautical, transitive) To hoist the flukes of.
   • 1860, Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, page 214:

     Found that the cause of the ship's having drifted on the night of the 19th, was from the bight of the chain span (used to fish the anchor,) having slipped between the shank and upper fluke, thereby preventing the lower fluke from opening […]

9. (transitive) To draw or guide (a wire or cable) by means of fish tape.

同意語

• (try to catch a fish): angle, drop in a line
• (try to find something): rifle, rummage
• (attempt to gain (compliments, etc)): angle

派生語

語源 4

Borrowed from French fiche (“peg, mark”).

名詞

fish (plural fishes)

1. (obsolete) A counter, used in various games.

参照

• “fish”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Further reading

• fish (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• fish on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• fish (food) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• fishing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

接尾辞

-fish (verb-forming suffix, third-person singular simple present -fishes, present participle -fishing, simple past and past participle -fished)

1. (neologism) Forming terms denoting disingenuous ways by which people seek to attract attention, especially on a dating app.
   • 2024 August 10, Deirdre Bardolf, anonymous quotee, “What is 'hoodfishing'? The sneaky new trend singles are trying to cast a wider net in NYC”, in New York Post‎, New York, N.Y.: News Corp, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 September 2024:

     "As long as men height-fish, income-fish, marital status-fish, I will keep hood fishing!!!!" said another.

   • 2024 August 29, Gina Cherelus, “The Irresistible Urge to Change Your Location on a Dating App”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 7 October 2024:

     According to Jared Freid, a 39-year-old comedian and co-host of the dating podcast "U Up?," this is known as hoodfishing, a coinage — though not his own — referring to people claiming to be from the city they are dating in but really are living somewhere else entirely.

派生語

関連する語