英和和英

Persons related through common descent ¹ from the same progenitor ² or ancestor ² are called blood relatives ³ or genetic relatives ³ . The terms kin ³ and in an aggregate sense kinship group ³ are also used. The degree of relationship ⁴ is generally computed by reference to the number of steps which are necessary before a common ancestor is reached, but there are many different methods of computation. The fundamental relation in each of these steps is the filial relation ⁵ (cf. 112-6* and 112-7*) of child to parent, which is the reciprocal of parenthood ⁶ (112-2*) i.e. the relation of a couple or of a father or a mother to offspring ⁷ or progeny ⁷ . Blood relationship must be distinguished from relationship by marriage ⁸, which marriage establishes between one spouse and the kin of the other..

• 1. Descent, n. - descendant, n.: one linked through descent
• 2. Ancestor, n. - ancestral, adj.
• 3. Relative, n. - related, adj. - relationship, n.: the state of being related. The term relative is used for persons related by blood or marriage.
  Kin, n. and adj. - kinship, n.: the state of being kin. Relatives is sometimes also used for the collection of all kin.
• 7. Progeny, n.: this term may also be used for all of the descendants of a common ancestor.
• 8. In certain countries persons related by marriage may be referred to as in-laws.

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