英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 element, from Old French element, from Latin elementum (“a first principle, element, rudiment”) (see further etymology there).

The verb is from 中期英語 elementen, from the noun.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĕl'ĭmənt, IPA: /ˈɛlɪmənt/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈɛləmənt/
• ハイフネーション: el‧e‧ment

名詞

element (plural elements)

1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.

   Letters are the elements of written language.

   • 1881, Benjamin Jowett, Thucydides:

     The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn.

   1. (chemistry) Any one of the types of atom distinguished by having a certain number of protons in its nucleus.

      Synonym: chemical element

      Hypernyms: substance, material

      Hyponyms: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, chalcogen, pnictogen, halogen, metal, noble gas, rare earth element, rare earth metal

      • 2013, “Elements for Kids — Hydrogen”, in www.duckster.com‎, archived from the original on 15 July 2013:

        Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table. It is the simplest possible atom composed of one proton in the nucleus which is orbited by a single electron.

   2. (chemistry) A chemical substance made entirely of one such type of atom; any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.

      Synonyms: elementary substance, chemical element

      Hypernyms: substance, material

      Hyponyms: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, chalcogen, pnictogen, halogen, metal, noble gas, rare earth element, rare earth metal

   3. One of the four basic building blocks of matter in theories of ancient philosophers and alchemists: water, earth, fire, and air.
      • 1965, Attila Zohar, Kings Cross Black Magic, Sydney: Horwitz Publications, page 59:

        The she asked the elements to send their spirits to her.

   4. (usually in the plural) A basic, simple substance out of which something is made, raw material.
      • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

        Thus ſhall my heart be ſtil combinde with thine,
        Untill our bodies turne to Elements:
        And both our ſoules aſpire celeſtiall thrones.

   5. (law) A required aspect or component of a cause of action. A deed is regarded as a violation of law only if each element can be proved.
   6. (set theory) One of the objects in a set.

      Synonym: member

      • 1945, E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, “Introduction”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page xi:

        […] the majority of names being compounded of two elements chosen from a stock of special name-words.

   7. (mathematics) One of the entries of a matrix.
   8. Any of the teeth of a zip fastener.
2. A small part of the whole.

   an element of the picture

3. A small but present amount of a quality, a hint.

   an element of doubt

   • 1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:

     The case was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff.

4. A factor, one of the conditions contributing to a result.
5. (obsolete) The sky.
   • 1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter LXIX”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; [a]nd sold by John Osborn, […], →OCLC:

     Sometimes, solitude is of all things my wish; and the awful silence of the night, the spangled element, and the rising and setting sun, how promotive of contemplation!

6. (obsolete) Any one of the heavenly spheres believed to carry the celestial bodies in premodern cosmology.
7. (in the plural only, with "the") Atmospheric forces such as strong winds and rains.

   exposed to the elements

8. A place or state of being that a person or object is best suited to.

   to be in one’s element

9. (Christianity, usually in the plural) The bread and wine taken at Holy Communion.
10. A group of people within a larger group having a particular common characteristic.

    You sometimes find the hooligan element at football matches.

11. (in the plural only) The basic principles of a field of knowledge, basics, fundamentals, rudiments.
    • 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 198:

      Miniature Nuremberg kitchens complete with all the utensils were said to teach children the elements of housewifery.

12. A component in electrical equipment, often in the form of a coil, having a high resistance, thereby generating heat when a current is passed through it.

    The element in this electric kettle can heat the water in under a minute.

    • 1960 February, “High-Voltage Electric Locomotive for British Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 125:

      These screens incorporate a layer of transparent gold film in the laminations which forms an electric heating element to act as de-icer and de-mister.

13. (mathematics) An infinitesimal interval of a quantity, a differential.

    The element of area in Cartesian coordinates is dx dy.

14. (astronomy) An orbital element; one of the parameters needed to uniquely specify a particular orbit.
15. (computing) One of the conceptual objects in a markup language, usually represented in text by tags.
    • 2011, Richard Wagner, Creating Web Pages All-in-One For Dummies:

      The div element was introduced into HTML as a solution to the layout problem.

下位語

派生語

関連する語

参考

• atom

動詞

element (third-person singular simple present elements, present participle elementing, simple past and past participle elemented) (transitive, obsolete)

1. To compound (something) out of elements.
   • 1611 or 1612 (date written), J[ohn] Donne, “A Valediction Forbidding Mourning”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC, page 194:

     Dull ſublunary lovers love / (VVhoſe ſoule is ſenſe) cannot admit / Abſence, becauſe it doth remove / Thoſe things vvhich elemented it.

   • 1661, Robert Boyle, “(please specify the page)”, in The Sceptical Chymist: or Chymico-physical Doubts & Paradoxes, […], London: […] J. Cadwell for J. Crooke, […], →OCLC:

     elemented bodies

   • 1681, Tho[mas] Maunyngham, Two Discourses‎, London: Will[iam] Cademan, page 89:

     [W]hen he ſays, he has compaſſion on’em, they ſhould ask, where then are his Bowels!  […] Alaſs! fond Creature, thou art Elemented and Organ’d for other Apprehenſions  […]

2. To constitute and be the elements of (something).
   • 1658, Izaak Walton, Life of Donne:

     His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness.

関連する語

• transelement

参照

• Lehmann, R.G. (2011). "27-30-22-26 - How many letters needs an alphabet?". In de Voogt, A.; Quack, J.F. The Idea of Writing: Writing Across Borders. Brill. pp. 15–16, note 8.

Further reading

• “element”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “element”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• leetmen