英和和英

読み方 いのち

名詞

1

Life; existence

用例

• 人の命は露よりももろし
  “Life is a bubble.”【イディオム・格言的】

• 命は風前の灯
  Life is a candle flickering in the wind.
• 長い月日に短い命
  Time is long, but life is short
  “Life is but a span.”【イディオム・格言的】
• はかない命
  frail life
• 今日明日も危ない命
  His life hangs by a thread.
• 明日の日も知れない命
  It is a precarious existence.
• かけがえのない命だ
  This is my only life
  I have no life to spare.
• 老いさきの短い命だ
  He has not long to live
  He is not long for this world.
• 命長ければ恥多し
  “To live long is to outlive much.”【イディオム・格言的】
• 命あっての物種
  “While there is life, there is hope.”【イディオム・格言的】
• 武士は命より名を尚ぶ
  The samurai values honour above life.
• あの女なら命は要らぬ
  I would die for her.
• 彼は命知らずだ
  He is a desperate character―a dare-devil―reckless of his safety.
• 命乞いする
  to pray for one's life―appeal to the Throne for clemency―（戦場でなら）―ask for quarter―cry quarter
• 命からがら逃げ伸びた
  He escaped with bare life.
• 命冥加な奴だ
  You are watched over by Special Providence.
• 読書は彼の命だ
  Reading is as the breath of his nostrils to him.
• 速力は駆逐艦の命だ
  Speed is the life of a destroyer.
• 命と頼む財産を失った
  He lost his fortune which was his only resort.
• 命から二番目だ
  It is next my heart.

ａ

（命が）

用例

• 命が惜しい
  Life is dear to me
  I hold my life dear
  I cling to my life.

• 誰も命が惜しい
  Life is dear to everybody.
• 国家に捧げた命だから惜しくはない
  I do not cling to a life which I have offered to my country.
• 河豚は食いたし命は惜しし
  “Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.”【イディオム・格言的】
• 俺の命が欲しいのか
  Do they seek my life?
• この命が欲しけりゃ熨斗をつけて進上する
  If they want my life, they are welcome to it.
• 命が危ない
  His life is in danger
  He is in danger of losing his life
  He is in peril of his life.
• 命が縮まる
  One's life is shortened.
• 苦労をすると命が縮まる【イディオム・格言的】
  “Care is a foe to life”
  “Care preys on life”
  “Care killed the cat.”
• 命が伸びる
  One's life is lengthened
  One takes a new lease of life.
• じたばたすると命が無いぞ
  Keep quiet, or you are a dead man.
• そこ一歩でも動くと命が無いぞ
  You stir from the spot on pain of death.
• そんなことをしようものなら命が無い
  It is as much as my life is worth to do such a thing.

ｂ

（命に）

用例

• 命に係わる
  to endanger one's life―（病なら）―prove fatal―（傷なら）―prove mortal

• この病は命に係わることがある
  This disease sometimes proves fatal
  Some cases prove fatal.
• 傷は命に係わるかも知れぬ
  The wound may prove mortal.
• 命に係わる問題だ
  It is a matter of life and death to me
  It is a hanging matter.
• 命には別状無し
  His life is out of danger.
• いくら儲かっても命には換えられぬ
  Nothing can compensate for the loss of life.
• 命にかけても思い出せない
  I can not recollect it for the life of me.

ｃ

（命の）

用例

• 命の親
  the preserver of one's life

• 君は僕にとっては命の親だ
  You are the preserver of my life
  You have saved my life
  I owe you my life.
• 命の綱
  one's means of livelihood
• 米は命の綱
  “Bread is the staff of life.”【イディオム・格言的】
• 命の洗濯
  a carnival
• 命の洗濯をする
  to enjoy life―enjoy oneself
• 今日はうんと命の洗濯をしよう
  We will enjoy ourselves to the full today.
• 命のやり取り
  a struggle for life
  a mortal combat
• 命のやり取りする
  to struggle for one's life―fight for one's life―engage in mortal combat

ｄ

（命を）

用例

• 命を取る
  to take one's life

• 命を取ろうとする
  to make an attempt on one's life
• この病いには命を取られる
  This disease proves fatal.
• 酒に命を取られた
  Wine was the death of him.
• 流行病が多くの命を取る
  An epidemic takes a toll of human life.
• 貴様の命を貰った
  I will have your life―have your heart's blood.
• 命を助ける
  to save one's life―save one from death―（殺そうと思った人の命なら）―spare one's life
• 命ばかりはお助けを
  Spare me!―Have mercy on me!―Mercy!―（敵に向かってなら）―Quarter!
• 命を捨てる
  to throw away one's life―lay down one's life
• 国のためなら命を捨てる
  I would lay down my life for my country―give my life for my fatherland.
• あたら命をただ捨てた
  He threw away his precious life in vain.
• 彼は命を捨てて人を助けた
  He saved others at the price of his life.
• 命がけで人を助けた
  He saved others at the risk of his life.
• 命を惜しむ
  to love life―cling to life
• 武士は命を惜しまぬ
  The samurai does not fear to die
  The samurai holds his life at nothing.
• 武士は命よりも名を惜しむ
  The samurai values honour above life.
• 命よりも金を惜しむ人がある
  Some people love money above life.
• 命をつなぐ
  to support life―sustain life―keep alive
• どうかこうか命をつなぐ
  to manage to keep alive―keep body and life together
• 彼はどうして命をつないでいるか僕には解せぬ
  How he manages to keep alive, is more than I can tell.
• 命を縮める
  to shorten one's life―shorten one's natural term of existence
• そんな無理をすると命を縮めるぞ
  You are driving a nail in your coffin―adding a nail to your coffin―burning the candle at the both ends.
• お前は俺にこんな苦労をかけて親の命を縮める奴だ
  You will bring your father's gray hairs to the grave.
• 苦労をすると命を縮める【イディオム・格言的】
  “Care is a foe to life”
  “Care preys on life”
  “Care killed the cat.”
• 命を伸ばす
  to lengthen one's life―add to one's natural term of existence―take a new lease of life
• 危ない命を助かる、命を拾う
  to have a narrow escape―be snatched from the jaws of death
• 命を拾った
  I had a narrow escape―I was snatched from the jaws of death―It was a close shave―a close call.
• 命を賭ける
  to stake one's life
• 命を的にかけてこの商売をする
  One engage in this trade at the risk of one's life―neck or nothing.
• 命を投げ出す
  to lay down one's life―sacrifice one's life
• 命を投げ出して人を助けた
  He saved others at the risk of his life.
• 命を投げ出してかかる
  to take one's life in one's hands―carry one's life in one's hands
• 命を投げ出してかかればどんなことでもできないことは無い
  Nothing is impossible to the man who does not fear death.
• 間違ったら命をやる
  I will answer for it with my life.
• （追剥ぎが旅人に向かって）金を出すか命を寄越すか
  Your money or your life
  Stand and deliver!

読み方 めい

名詞

1

（＝命令）a command; orders; directions; instructions; injunctions; one's wishes; the word; a commission

用例

• 命を発する、命を下す
  to issue orders―give orders―give the word―say the word

• 出発の命が下った
  Orders are given to depart
  We are ordered to depart.
• 命に従う、命を守る、命を奉ずる
  to obey orders
• 堅く命を守ります
  I will obey your orders to the letter
  Your word shall be law to me.
• 命を守れ
  Mind the word!
• 命に従え
  Obey me!
• 子どもは親の命に従うものだ
  Children should obey their parents.
• 彼は命を奉じて英国へ赴いた
  He proceeded to England in obedience to orders.
• 貴命に従い早速上京仕る可く侯
  I shall come to town without delay in obedience to your wishes.
• 惟命是従う
  I only obey orders
  I am at his beck and call.
• 命に背く
  to disobey orders―act contrary to one's wishes
• お前は上官の命に背いたのが悪い
  You have done wrong in disobeying your senior's orders.
• 彼は親の命に背いた
  He has acted contrary to his father's wishes.
• お前は僕の命に背いたね
  You have acted against my wishes.
• 彼は親の命に背いて学校を止めた
  He has left school against his gather's wishes.
• 親の命を重んずる
  to have a regard for one's father's injunctions
• 彼は親の命を重んじて酒を飲まぬ
  He abstains from wine with a regard for his father's injunctions.
• 彼は親の命を侮蔑した
  He has set paternal authority at naught.
• そのままそこに居れという命に接した
  I have received orders―I have orders―My orders are―to stay where I am.
• 命を待つ
  to await orders
• 弁護士は命を待って訴訟を起こすことになっている
  My lawyer awaits my instructions to Institute a suit.
• 命を執行する
  to execute one's orders―execute a commission
• 命に依り
  by order
• その筋の命に依り
  by order of the authorities
• 知事の命に依ってしたことだ
  It was done by order of the governor.
• 天皇陛下の命に依り
  by command of the Emperor
• 彼らは命を聞いててきぱきと立働く
  They act promptly at the word.
• 彼の命が行れる
  His orders are obeyed
  His word is law.

2

（＝命）life

用例

• 命危し
  His life is in danger.

• 命は天に在り
  Life and death are decreed by Heaven.
• 命旦夕に迫る
  His days are numbered.
• 命は義に依りて軽し
  I hold my life at nothing as compared with my cause.

3

（＝運命、天命）destiny; fate; the decree of fate; God's will

用例

• これ天の命なり
  This is the decree of Heaven
  Heaven's will.

• 天なり命なり、天なる哉命なる哉
  God's will be done!
  Thy will be done!
• 死生命あり
  Life and death are decreed by Heaven.
• 天を楽しみ命を知る
  to submit to Heaven's will