英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, 米国発音) IPA: /ˈkɪl/, [ˈkʰɪɫ]
  • • (l-vocalization) IPA: /ˈkɪʊ̯/, [ˈkʰɪʊ̯]; /ˈkɪɤ̯/, [ˈkɪɤ̯]
• (African-American) IPA: /ˈkil/
• 韻: -ɪl

語源 1

From 中期英語 killen, kyllen, cüllen (“to strike, beat, cut”), of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots kele, keil (“to kill”).

• Perhaps from unattested 古期英語 *cyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwulljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwuljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to throw, hit, hurt by throwing”).
• Or, possibly a variant of 古期英語 cwellan (“to kill, murder, execute”) (see quell).
• Or, from Old Norse kolla (“to hit on the head, harm”), related to Norwegian kylla (“to poll”), Middle Dutch kollen (“to knock down”), Icelandic kollur (“top, head”); see also coll, cole).

Compare also Saterland Frisian källe (“to hurt”), Middle Dutch kellen (“to kill, hurt”), Middle Low German kellen, killen (“to ache strongly, cause one great pain”) (whence German Low German kellen, killen (“to hurt, injure, torment, vex”)), Middle High German kellen (“to torment; torture”).

別の表記

• k1ll (filter-avoidance spelling)

動詞

kill (third-person singular simple present kills, present participle killing, simple past and past participle killed)

1. (transitive) To put to death; to extinguish the life of.

   Smoking kills more people each year than alcohol and hard drugs combined.

   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi], page 304:

     A Troope of Horſe with Felt: Ile put't in proofe, / And when I haue ſtolne vpon theſe Son in Lawes, / Then kill, kill, kill, kill, kill, kill.

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 12:

     Stephano: Monſter, I will kill this man : his daughter and I will be King and Queene, ſave our Graces : and Trinculo and thy ſelfe ſhall be Vice-royes : […]

   • 2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 102:

     Fire ants circumvented the problem of an ineffective sting by having an unusual and highly effective venom that when daubed or sprayed on other ants penetrates their waxy protective integumental barrier and kills or disables them.

   • 2021, Francis A. Boyle, World Politics, Human Rights, and International Law, page 9:

     Indeed, referring to his drone murder extermination campaign Obama bragged: "I'm really good at killing people!" Those are Obama's own words!

   • 2023 February 14, Holly Yan, “5 years after the Parkland school massacre claimed 17 lives, here’s what has changed (and what hasn’t)”, in CNN‎:

     As the country reckons with how to prevent more children from being killed at school, the legacies of the Parkland victims live on.

   • 2024 September 16, Stéphane Foucart, 'To reduce their environmental impact, why not simply regulate the weight of cars?', Le Monde:

     After all, improving road safety has become a widely endorsed cause because nobody wants to kill, or be killed, in a road accident.

   • 2025 March 4, Sharon Otterman, “Trump Threatens Columbia With Millions in Cuts Over Antisemitism Claims”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 12 March 2025:

     In announcing the review, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the new health secretary, said in a statement that “antisemitism — like racism — is a spiritual and moral malady that sickens societies and kills people with lethalities comparable to history’s most deadly plagues.”

2. (transitive) To render inoperative.

   He killed the engine and turned off the headlights, but remained in the car, waiting.

   • 1965 February, Worlds of If, page 33, column 1:

     He killed the motor.

   • 1978, John Farris, The Fury:

     Peter: Ask Childers if it was worth his arm.
     Policeman: What did you do to his arm, Peter?
     Peter: I killed it, with a machine gun.

3. (transitive, figuratively) To stop, cease, or render void; to terminate.

   The editor decided to kill the story.

   The news that a hurricane had destroyed our beach house killed our plans to sell it.

   My computer wouldn't respond until I killed some of the running processes.

   • 2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 244:

     He closed the boot, walked round to the kerbside and bent to peer into the car's interior, his face pressed to the passenger window, his hands shading his eyes to kill the reflection.

4. (transitive, figuratively, hyperbolic) To amaze, exceed, stun, or otherwise incapacitate.

   That night, she was dressed to kill.

   That joke always kills me.

   • 1951 July 16, J[erome] D[avid] Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 23:

     He told us we ought to think of Jesus as our buddy and all. He said he talked to Jesus all the time. Even when he was driving his car. That killed me.

5. (transitive or intransitive, figuratively, hyperbolic) To cause great pain, discomfort, or distress to; to hurt.

   These tight shoes are killing my feet.

   You don't ever want to get rabies. The doctor will have to give you multiple shots and they really kill.

   • 2008 October, Davy Rothbart, “How I caught up with dad”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 8, →ISSN, page 110:

     two laps into our first walk, my dad needed to sit down. His back and legs were killing him. "You'll be okay," I assured him. "You just need to shake off the rust."
     I gave him a couple of Advil and, after a few minutes, urged him back onto the track.

6. (transitive, figuratively) To produce feelings of dissatisfaction or revulsion in.

   It kills me to throw out three whole turkeys, but I can't get anyone to take them and they've already started to go bad.

   It kills me to learn how many poor people are practically starving in this country while rich moguls spend such outrageous amounts on useless luxuries.

   • 2015 May 12, Rachel Platten, Jon Levine, Scott Jacoby, “Congratulations”, in Fight Song‎, performed by Rachel Platten:

     And I really don't think you get it now
     No, I really don't think you get it now
     It's killing me, I admit it now
     Congratulations, you tore my heart out
     Congratulations

7. (transitive) To use up or to waste.

   I'm just doing this to kill time.

   • 2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections:

     Except for the shirt, which he’d worn, and the check, which he’d cashed, and the bottle of port, which he’d killed in bed on Christmas night, the gifts from his family were still on the floor of his bedroom.

8. (transitive, figuratively, informal) To overpower, overwhelm, or defeat.

   Look at the amount of destruction to the enemy base. We pretty much killed their ability to retaliate.

   The team had absolutely killed their traditional rivals, and the local sports bars were raucous with celebrations.

9. (transitive) To force a company out of business.
10. (figuratively, informal, hyperbolic, transitive) To punish severely.

    My parents are going to kill me!

    • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

      "Father will kill us for this."

11. (transitive, sports) To strike (a ball, etc.) with such force and placement as to make a shot that is impossible to defend against, usually winning a point.
    • 2011 February 4, Gareth Roberts, “Wales 19-26 England”, in BBC‎:

      That close call encouraged Wales to launch another series of attacks that ended when lock Louis Deacon killed the ball illegally in the shadow of England's posts.

12. (transitive, sports) To cause (a ball, etc.) to be out of play, resulting in a stoppage of gameplay.
    • 2015 May 10, Nathan Schmook, “Billings vs Bont”, in St Kilda Football Club‎:

      As the ball was delivered deep into St Kilda's forward line by Billings, Bontempelli had position on the goal line, with a pack forming in front of him. He decided to fly but didn't kill the ball, leaving it to spill where he had been positioned moments earlier. Jack Sinclair gratefully swooped and kicked a goal that cut the margin to five points.

13. To succeed with an audience, especially in comedy.
    • 2012, Yael Kohen, We Killed: The Rise of Women in American Comedy‎:

      When comics fail, they "die"; when they succeed, they "kill."

    • 2016 February 23, Tim Gray, “Chris Rock Tests Jokes at Comedy Clubs Ahead of Oscars”, in Variety‎:

      You really killed it at the Comedy Store last night.

14. (mathematics, transitive, informal) To cause to assume the value zero.
15. (computing, Internet, IRC, transitive) To disconnect (a user) involuntarily from the network.
16. (metallurgy) To deadmelt.
17. (slang) To sexually penetrate in a skillful way.
    • 1992, Ice Cube, “It Was A Good Day”, in The Predator:

      I felt on her big fat fanny
      Pulled out the jammy and killed the punanni

18. (reflexive, informal) To exert oneself to an excessive degree.

    Don't kill yourself raking the leaves now; we're due for a windstorm tonight.

Conjugation

同意語

• (to put to death): assassinate, bump off, dispatch, drill, ice, knock off, liquidate, murder, murk, rub out, slaughter, slay, smoke, top, whack, claim
• (to use up or waste): fritter away, while away
• (to render inoperative): break, deactivate, disable, turn off
• (to exert an overwhelming effect on): annihilate (informal)
• (to exert oneself to an excessive degree): bust one's ass (vulgar, slang)
• See also Thesaurus:kill

下位語

• cull
• instakill
• instant kill
• harvest

名詞

kill (plural kills)

1. The act of killing.

   The assassin liked to make a clean kill, and thus favored small arms over explosives.

   • 1957, Sydney J. Bounds, The Robot Brains, London: Digit Books, page 100:

     The blonde women were in a frenzy of excitement, their faces transformed from dull moronity to living evil; they shouted like wild animals at the kill.

2. Specifically, the death blow.

   The hunter delivered the kill with a pistol shot to the head.

3. The result of killing; that which has been killed.

   The fox dragged its kill back to its den.

   • 1895 November, Rudyard Kipling, The Second Jungle Book, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC:

     If ye plunder his kill from a weaker, devour not all in thy pride.

4. (military, gaming, countable) An instance of killing; a score on the tally of enemy personnel or vehicles killed or destroyed.

   Hyponym: shootdown

   confirmed kills

   A flying ace is usually one with five or more confirmed kills.

5. (volleyball) The grounding of the ball on the opponent's court, winning the rally.
   • 2011, the 34th Catawba College Sports Hall of Fame, in Catawba College's Campus Magazine, Spring/Summer 2011, page 21:

     As a senior in 1993, Turner had a kill percentage of 40.8, which was a school record at the time and the best in the SAC. Turner concluded her volleyball career with 1,349 kills, ranking fifth all-time at Catawba.

下位語

• catastrophic kill
• firepower kill
• giant kill
• mission kill
• mobility kill
• one-hit kill
• thrill kill
• kill kit

語源 2

Borrowing from Dutch kil, from Middle Dutch kille, from Old Dutch *killa, from Proto-West Germanic *killjā, from Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ.

名詞

kill (plural kills)

1. (New York) A creek; a body of water; a channel or arm of the sea.

   The channel beyond Staten Island, which connects Newark Bay with Bergen Neck is the Kill van Kull, or the Kills.

   Schuylkill, Catskill, etc.

語源 3

名詞

kill (plural kills)

1. (rare) Alternative form of kiln.
   • 1878, Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt, The Ceramic Art of Great Britain from Pre-historic Times Down to the Present Day, page 39:

     This very curious and valuable record is as follows, in the handwriting of Conyers and the accompanying engraving is carefully reduced (see Fig. 138 ) from Conyers' own drawing:—“This kill was full of the coarser sorts of potts or cullings, so that few were saved whole, viz., lamps, bottles, urnes, dishes.

   • 1945, Arthur Edwin James, The Potters and Potteries of Chester County, Pennsylvania, page 34:

     The stack of one of the pottery kills is still a visible land mark of this once thriving industry.

   • 1951, Bulletin - Eastern States Archeological Federation, page 11:

     A funerary ceremony comparable to that reported from Kolomoki site is indicated, though no "pottery kill” was located.

   • 2000, Argo - Volume 43, Issue 1, page 59:

     We may indeed assume that cracked and broken ware was discarded in the immediate vicinity of the pottery kills, that is, if it was not thrown in to the Krka.

   • 2015, Kirilka Stavreva, Words Like Daggers, page 77:

     Admonished that she should “keep the woman's virtue and be more silent,” she countered “that she was 'born in a mill, begot in a kill, she must have her will,' she could speak no softlier.”

派生語