英和和英

読み方 じょう

形容詞相当語句

High; superior; good; excellent

用例

• 上下
  high and low

• この品は上の部です
  The goods are of superior quality.
• 成績は上の部だ
  The results are excellent
  The results might have been worse.
• 上の上
  the very best―extra fine―superfine

名詞

（＝上巻）the first volume （out of two or three）

接続詞

用例

• 政治、政治上の
  politics―political

• 教育、教育上の
  education―educational
• 商業上重要の都会
  a city of commercial importance
• 歴史は教育上価値ある学科である
  History is a subject of educational value.
• 教育上重要な学科である
  It is an important branch from the educational point of view.
• 風致上憂うべきことだ
  It is to be lamented from the standpoint of public morals.
• 便宜上これを略す
  It is omitted for convenience' sake.

読み方 かみ

名詞

1

（＝上部）the upper part; the head; the top:（=の） upper; higher; first; old:（=に） above; up

用例

• 食卓の上座にすわる
  to sit at the head of the table

• 人の上に立つ
  to stand above others 【イディオム・格言的には：】“play first fiddle”
• 滝は橋より上（河上）だ
  The falls are above the bridge.
• 河上
  the upper reaches of the river―（に）―up the river―upstream
• 上王侯より下万民に至るまで
  from the princes down to the multitude
• 上御一人｛かみごいちにん｝
  the Emperor
• 上半期
  the first half-year
• 上の句
  the first line （of a couplet）
• 上の世
  old times―days of yore

2

（＝上の人）the Emperor; the government; one's master; one's superiors; authority

用例

• 上のご沙汰によって
  by order of the government

• 上を犯す
  to defy authority
• 上に見習う下
  “As is the king, so are the people.”【イディオム・格言的】
• 上は下を慈しみ下は上を敬うべし
  Let people love their inferiors and honour their superiors.
• 上にへつらう者に限って下に横柄だ
  Those who fawn upon their superiors are sure to domineer over their inferiors.

読み方 うえ

名詞

1

（＝上部）the upper part; the head; the top:（=の） upper; higher; above:（=に） above:（=へ） up

用例

• 坂の上
  the head of a slope

• 坂の上に宮がある
  There is a shrine at the head of the slope.
• 階段の上
  the top of the stairs
• 階段の上にたまりがある
  There is a landing at the top of the stairs.
• 階段の上で客を迎える
  I receive the guests at the landing.
• 上から三番目の抽斗
  the third drawer from the top
• 上から下まで家の中を捜した
  I have searched the house from top to bottom.
• 天は上に在る
  The heavens are above―over our heads.
• 彼は席順がずっと上だ
  He is high up in the class.
• 上へ上がる
  to go up―rise
• 上から降りる
  to come down from above
• 上を見る、上を向く
  to look up
• 上を見れば限り無し、上には上がある
  Greatness is comparative.
• 上の方
  the upper part―the top
• 窓の上の方を開けておく
  Keep the window open at the top.
• 上の文
  the above sentence
• 上に述べた理由
  the above-stated reason
• 彼は上の組です
  He is in the upper class.
• 一番上の組
  the highest class―the topmost class
• 一番上の兄
  my eldest brother
• 彼は役者が一枚上だ
  He is more than a match for me―one too many for me.
• 家の中は上を下への大混雑
  The house is topsyturvy.

2

（＝天皇陛下）His Majesty the Emperor

• 上を見習う下
  “As is the king, so are the people”【イディオム・格言的】

副詞

（この上、その上）

→『そのうえ（其上）』

前置詞相当語句

1

（接して上）on:（真上）over:（上方）above; higher than:（勝るの意味なら）above; better than; superior to

用例

• 机の上に本がある
  There are some books on the desk.

• 卓子の上にランプがある
  （台ランプなら）There is a lamp on the table―（吊りランプなら）―A lamp hangs over the table.
• 頭の上には帽子がある
  I wear a hat on my head.
• 頭の上に屋根がある
  I have a roof over my head.
• 丘の上に家がある
  A house stands on the hill.
• あの山の上に宮がある
  There is a shrine on that mountain.
• 門の上に看板がある
  There is a signboard over the door.
• あの木の上に鳥の巣がある
  There is a nest up in that tree.
• あの人は右の目の上に痣がある
  He has a mole over his right eye.
• 彼は鎧の上に衣を着た
  He wore a priestly robe over his armour.
• 膝の上に子どもを抱いている
  （男なら）He holds a child on his knees―（女なら）―She holds a child in her lap.
• 家は地面の上に立つ
  Houses stand on the ground.
• 人は地面の上を歩く
  People walk over the ground.
• 木は半ば地面の上に現れ半ば地面の下に隠れている
  A tree is partly above ground and partly under ground.
• 船は水の上に浮く
  A ship floats on the water.
• 船は水の上を走る
  A ship sails over the water.
• どうかこうか首だけ水の上に出しておった
  I managed to keep myself above water.
• 彼は僕より位が上だ
  He is above me in rank.
• 彼は僕より席順が上だ
  He is above me in the class.
• 彼は僕より一級上だ
  He is a grade above me.
• 彼は人より一段上だ
  He is a cut above the rest.
• 中尉は大尉の下、少尉の上
  A lieutenant is below a captain and above a sublieutenant.
• 大将は大臣の上か下か
  Is a general above or below a cabinet-minister?
• 彼は人の上に秀でている
  He towers above the others.
• 人の上に立つ
  to be set over men―be a ruler of men―take a leading part―play first fiddle
• 彼は人の上に立つ徳が無い
  He lacks these virtues which are requisite to a ruler of man.
• 健康は富貴の上
  Health is above wealth―better than wealth―superior to wealth.
• 美は善の上
  The beautiful is higher than the good.
• 甲は乙より腕前が上だ
  The one is superior to the other in ability.

2

（＝以上）above; over; more than:（年齢なら）older than

用例

• 入費は千円の上に出る
  The expenses are above 1,000 yen―over 1,000 yen―more than 1,000 yen―The expenses exceed 1,000 yen.

• 君は僕より年が上だ
  You are older than I
  You are my senior.
• 年が三つ上だ
  You are three years older than I―my senior by three years.
• 彼は五十の上に出ているだろう（五十の坂を越している）
  He must be above fifty―over fifty―turned of fifty―on the dark side of fifty.

3

（＝何々の後）after; on, upon

用例

• 熟考の上返事をした
  I gave my answer after mature consideration.

• いちおう取り調べた上お返事を致します
  I will give you an answer after due investigation.
• 試験の上採用する
  I shall employ him on examination.
• そのことは彼の到着の上できめよう
  We shall settle that matter upon his arrival.
• 帰宅の上ゆっくり考えてみた
  On my return home, I considered the matter at my leisure.

4

（＝何々に加うるに）besides; in addition to; over and above; as well as

用例

• 彼はその人の命を助けた上に金まで恵んだ
  Besides saving his life, he gave the man money.

• 彼は才子の上に金持ちだ
  He is rich besides being clever
  He is clever, and rich into the bargain
  He is rich as well as clever.
• 彼は学問ができる上に授業の経験がある
  Besides being a good scholar, he has experience in teaching
  He is not only a good teacher, but also an experienced teacher
  He has experience as well as knowledge.
• 彼に払うべき分を払った上に礼を出した
  I gave him something over and above what was due to him.

5

〈その他〉

用例

• 彼は藁の上から貰われた
  He was adopted immediately on his birth.

• 酒の上で間違いがあった
  Something went amiss over the wine.
• 酒の上でけんかをした
  They quarrelled over their cups.
• 酒の上のけんか
  a drunken brawl
• 彼は酒の上で冗談を言う
  He is merry in his cups.
• 彼は酒の上が悪い
  He is quarrelsome in his cups.
• 彼は酒の上でそんなことを言ったのだろう
  He must have said so under the influence of wine.
• 酒の上とは言いながらあんなことをしては言い訳が立たぬ
  Granting that he was drunk, that is no excuse for his behaviour.

接続詞

（＝何々だから）since; seeing that; now that

用例

• 皆がそう言う上は本当だろう
  Since everybody says so, it must be true.

• 事実そうである上はしかたが無い
  Since such is the fact, it can not be helped.
• できた上はしかたがない
  Since it is done, it can not be undone.
• こうなった上は言い訳をしても駄目だ
  Now that things have come to this pass, it is not use trying to excuse yourself.
• 事がここまで進んだ上はあくまで奮闘するよりほかは無い
  Now that the matter has proceeded so far, we must fight it out.