英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 puple, peple, peeple, from Anglo-Norman people, from Old French pueple, peuple, pople, from Latin populus (“a people, nation”), from Old Latin populus, from earlier poplus, from even earlier poplos, from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”) of unknown origin. Doublet of pueblo. Gradually ousted native English lede and, partially, folk.

Originally used with singular verbs (e.g. "the people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness" in the King James Version of 2 Samuel 17:29), the plural aspect of people is probably due to influence from 中期英語 lede, leed, a plural since 古期英語 times; see lēode.

別の表記

• peeps, peops (slang)
• peple (obsolete)
• pipple (pronunciation spelling)
• ppl, ppl. (Internet slang or text messaging)

名詞

people (countable and uncountable, plural peoples)

1. plural of person: a body of persons considered generally or collectively; a group of two or more persons.

   Synonyms: (slang) peeps, (obsolete) lede, (obsolete) leod

   There were so many people at the restaurant last night.

   These six people are waiting for the bus.

   Under dictatorship, people suffered and died.

   • c. 1607, plaque recording the Bristol Channel floods:

     XXII people was in this parrish drownd.

   • 1813, Jane Austen, chapter 6, in Pride and Prejudice‎, →OCLC:

     "What a charming amusement for young people this is, Mr. Darcy! There is nothing like dancing after all. I consider it as one of the first refinements of polished society."

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs, […], and all these articles […] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduously dusted and greatly cherished.

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     “ […] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
       Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”

   • 2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, archived from the original on 5 September 2024, page 11:

     But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries’ own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars and adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short.

   • 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “Conscious computing: how to take control of your life online”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 189, number 2, archived from the original on 24 August 2013, page 27:

     The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you […] "share the things you love with the world" and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.

   • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8842, archived from the original on 8 March 2023, pages 72–3:

     Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2. (countable, collective) Persons forming or belonging to a particular group, such as a nation, class, ethnic group, country, family, etc.

   Synonyms: collective, community, congregation, folk

   Coordinate term: (sometimes synonymous) nation

   a people apart

   an industrious people

   the indigenous peoples of Europe

   the native peoples of Borneo

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     `So, oh Holly. This people was an old people before the Egyptians were.'

   • 2002 November 21, Amos Elon, “Israelis & Palestinians: What Went Wrong?”, in The New York Review‎, archived from the original on 9 May 2021:

     Other nationalisms aimed at liberating subjugated peoples who spoke the same language and lived in the same territory.

   • 2023 September 26, Hafsa Khalil, “Electric blue tarantula species discovered in Thailand”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 20 November 2024:

     The team auctioned off the right to name the new species to publicize the find and raise awareness and funds for the indigenous Lahu people of northern Thailand, a group that Sippawat is part of.

3. A group of persons regarded as being servants, followers, companions or subjects of a ruler or leader.

   Moses said, "Let my people go."

   his people were weary

   Synonyms: fans, groupies, supporters

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 8:15, column 1:

     And Dauid reigned ouer all Iſrael, and Dauid executed iudgement and iuſtice vnto all his people.

   • 1952, Old Testament, Revised Standard Version, Thomas Nelson & Sons, Isaiah 1:3:

     The ox knows its owner, and the ass its master's crib; but Israel does not know, my people does not understand.

4. One's colleagues or employees.

   I'll have my people call your people.

   I have my people working on it.

   • 2001, Vince Flynn, Transfer of Power (fiction), Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 250:

     Kennedy looked down at Flood's desk and thought about the possibilities. "Can you locate him?"
     "I already have my people checking on all three. So far I've only been able to confirm the whereabouts of the Jordanian officer."

   • 2008, Fern Michaels, Hokus Pokus (fiction), →ISBN, page 184:

     Can I have one of my people get back to your people, Mr. President?" She tried to slam the phone back into the base and failed.

5. A person's ancestors, relatives or family.

   Synonyms: kin, kith, folks

   My people lived through the Black Plague and the Thirty Years War.

   His people live out west.

   • 1900, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men on the Bummel:

     ‘She’s going to her people in Wales,’ said Harris, ‘for the holidays, with the children; we’ve had an invitation.’

6. The mass of a community as distinguished from a special class (elite); the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; the citizens.

   Synonyms: populace, commoners, citizenry

   The people have successfully stood up against tyranny and totalitarianism.

   The election is over and the people have spoken.

   The people won't tolerate so much corruption any more!

   • 1966, Dick Tuck, Concession Speech:

     The people have spoken, the bastards.

7. People in general, humans, by extension sentient beings real or fictional.

   People don't like it when you tweak their noses.

   Teachers are people too.

使用する際の注意点

• The word people today takes a plural verb in most senses.
• Nowadays, persons as the plural of person is considered highly formal. Several major style guides recommend people rather than persons. For example, the Associated Press and the New York Times recommend people except in quotations and set phrases. Under the traditional distinction, which Garner says is pedantic, persons describes a finite, known number of individuals, rather than the collective term people. Persons remains in use in technical and legal contexts.

派生語

派生した語

• Jamaican Creole: piipl
• Pijin: pipol
• Sranan Tongo: pipel
• Tok Pisin: pipel

参考

• sheeple

動詞

people (third-person singular simple present peoples, present participle peopling, simple past and past participle peopled)

1. (rare, informal, chiefly in the negative) To interact with people; to socialize.
   • 2018, Jennifer L. Armentrout, The Darkest Star, Tor Teen, →ISBN, page 149:

     I don't people well.” “Not peopling well is a crap excuse,” I retorted, and started to step around him, but a sudden thought occurred to me.

   • 2019, Casey Diam, Love‎:

     My head tilted as Calvin said, "Don't worry about him. He just doesn't people well.
     The fuck? I people. Sometimes. With people I know.

   • 2020, Teri Anne Stanley, Lucky Chance Cowboy, Sourcebooks, Inc., →ISBN:

     I don't people well.” He laughed at that. “You do okay,” he assured her.

語源 2

From 中期英語 peplen, peuplien, partly from Middle French peupler (from peuple (“people”)) and partly from the noun (etymology 1).

動詞

people (third-person singular simple present peoples, present participle peopling, simple past and past participle peopled)

1. (transitive) To stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate.
   • 1674, John Dryden, The State of Innocence and the Fall of Man‎, act II, scene I:

     He would not be alone, who all things can; / But peopled Heav'n with Angels, Earth with Man.

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXI, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 159:

     Scenes, long since forgotten, had been peopling his solitude with one still cherished image paramount over all; one young fair face, whose sweet eyes seemed to look upon him reproachfully:...

2. (intransitive) To become populous or populated.
3. (transitive) To inhabit; to occupy; to populate.
   • a. 1645, John Milton, Il Penseroso, lines 7–8:

     […] / As thick and numberless / As the gay motes that people the Sun Beams, / […]

派生語

• peopler

参照

• “people”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Further reading

• People on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• People in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
• “people”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• Peploe