英和和英

読み方 ほん

名詞

1

A book; a volume; an author

用例

• 本を開く
  to open a book

• 本を一枚一枚開ける
  to turn over the leaves of a book
• 本を閉じる
  to shut a book
• 本を綴じる
  to bind a book
• 本を読む
  to read a book
• あの人はなかなか本を読んでいる
  He is well read―a well-read man.
• 君はこの本を読んだか
  Have you read this book?
• 君はこの本を持っているか
  Have you a copy of this book.
• 本が間に合うだけあるか
  Are there enough copies of the book?
• 彼はたくさんの本を持っている
  He has a large library.
• この本は誰でも持っている
  The book is in everybody's hands.
• 本を読みこなす
  to digest a book
• 本を通読する
  to read through a book
• 始めどんな本を読めばよろしいか
  What sort of books shall I read in the first place?
  What sort of books shall I begin with?
• 僕のところへ来れば本は読み放題だ
  If you come to live with me, you can read as many books as you like―you shall have the run of my library.
• 僕は読み切れないほど本を持っている
  I have more books than I can read.
• この本を読んで裨益するところがあった
  I have read the book with profit
  The book has done me good.
• この本は文章が平易で初学者にもわかる
  The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.
• この本を誰かに教わったか
  With whom did you read this book?
• この本は独りで読んだ
  I read this book to myself.
• この本を五年級に教えている
  I read this book with the fifth-year students.
• 本さえ読んでいれば飯を食わなくともよい（本は飯より好きだ）
  I forget my meals in reading
  Books are meat and drink to me.
• 酒と煙草は養生に害ありと本に書いてある
  We read in books that wine and tobacco are injurious to health.
• ある本にそう書いてあった
  I read it in a certain book.
• 本を著わす、本を書く
  to write a book
• 本を出す
  to bring out a book―publish a book
• 本が出る
  A book comes out.
• 愛読の本
  a favourite author
• 折り目のついた本
  a dog's-eared volume
• 珍しい本
  a rare volume

2

（＝本にするの本）book-form

用例

• 本にして出す
  to publish in book-form

• 筆記を集めて本にして出版した
  The notes were collected and published in book-form.
• 講義が本になっている
  The lecture are in book-form.

読み方 ほん

接頭詞

This; the present; the current; the main; the head; the real; genuine; regular; legal; full （etc.）

用例

• 本校
  this school

• 本邦
  this country
• 本官
  the present official―I
• 本年
  this year―the current year
• 本協約
  the present agreement
• 本店
  the head office
• 本通り
  the main street―the high street
• 本隊
  the main body
• 本艦隊
  the main squadron
• 本線
  the main line―the trunk line
• 本名
  one's real name
• 本会員
  a regular member
• 本会員の資格
  full membership
• 本妻
  a legal wife
• 本物
  a genuine article
• 本件
  the matter in hand―the case before us

読み方 ほん

接尾助数詞

用例

• 筆一本
  one brush

• 鉛筆三本
  three pencils
• 白墨五本
  five pieces of chalk
• ビール六本
  six bottles of beer

読み方 もと

名詞

1

（＝起原）the beginning; the rise; the origin; the source; the cause; the root; the bottom; the author （of one's being）

用例

• 彼の病気は酒がもと
  Wine is the cause of his illness
  Wine is at the bottom of his illness
  Wine is at the root of his illness.

• この習慣のもとは仏教
  The custom originated in Buddhism.
• 紛議のもとは人種的偏見
  The troubles arose from racial prejudice.
• けんかのもとは冗談
  The quarrel began in a joke
  The joke ended in a quarrel.
• 失敗のもとは不注意
  His failure is due to carelessness―attributable to carelessness―Carelessness is the cause of his failure―responsible for his failure.
• 失敗は成功のもと
  Failure is the way to success.
• 父母は我が身のもと
  Our parents are the authors of our being.
• 人間はもとは動物
  Man is originally an animal.
• 上野公園はもとは寺院の境内であった
  Ueno Park was originally temple precincts.
• 家はもとの通り、もとのままになっている
  The house remains standing―as it was.
• 親父はもとの親父でない
  He is not what he was―not what he used to be.
• もとほど丈夫でない
  He is not so strong as he was―not so strong as he used to be.
• 拾った財布をもとの所へ置け
  Leave the purse where you found it.
• 用がすんだら本をもとの所へ置く
  Put the book back when you have done with it.
• 日光はもとのとおりになった
  Nikko has been restored to its original state.
• 生兵法は大傷のもと
  “A little learning is a dangerous thing.”【イディオム・格言的】
• 痩せても枯れてももとがもと
  “It is not in gold to be oxydized.”【イディオム・格言的】
• 釣合わぬは不縁のもと
  “Unequal marriages are seldom happy.”【イディオム・格言的】
• もとをただす
  to inquire into the origin―go to the root of the matter
• もとをただせば（嘘も人情）
  When you go to the root of the matter, falsehood is but a part of human nature.
• 人間はもとをただせば動物
  Man is originally an animal.
• この習慣はもとをただせば仏教
  The custom originated in Buddhism―takes its rise in Buddhism―derives its origin from Buddhism―The custom is derived from Buddhism―to be traced to Buddhism.
• もとをただせば深い仲
  They were lovers once.
• もとの鞘に納める
  to reinstate a divorced wife―take her back to one's bosom
• もとの鞘に納まる
  A divorced wife is reinstated
  She is taken back to his bosom.
• ［号令］元へ（!）
  Begin again!
  As you were!

2

（＝もとい）the basis; the foundation

用例

• 家は国の基
  The family is the basis of the state.

• 農は国家の基
  Agriculture is the foundation of the state.
• 知識の基は経験
  Knowledge rests on experience.

3

（＝元手）capital

用例

• 元無しじゃなにもできない
  One can do nothing without capital.

• 元を掛ける、元を下ろす
  to invest capital in some enterprise―sink capital in some business―put money in some business
• この商売は元がかかっている
  The business is a heavy investment.
• 君の身体は元がかかっている
  You have cost your father much.

4

（＝原価）the cost-price

用例

• 品物は元がかかる
  The goods cost much.

• 元で売る
  to sell at cost
• それでは元が切れます
  That would not cover the cost
  That would be below the cost-price.
• 元が取れりゃよい
  I shall be content to recover the cost.
• それじゃ元が取れない
  Then I shall be unable to recover the cost.

5

（＝元金）the principal

用例

• そうなると元も子も取れなくなる
  Then all is lost.

• 金利が高いと元も子も無くなす憂いがある
  If the interest is too high, you run the risk of losing both principal and interest.

6

（＝原料）raw materials

用例

• もとが好いから品物が高い
  The goods are expensive for they are made from good materials.

• この薬はもとは何だ
  What is this medicine made from?―prepared from?
• 味の素
  a seasoning powder

7

（＝素性）one's origin; one's birth

用例

• あれはもとをただせば賤しい人間だ
  He is a man of low origin.

• 彼はもとはドイツ人で米国へ帰化したのだ
  He is a German by birth, and has been naturalized in the United States.
• 夫人はもとは泥水を飲んだ奴だ
  His wife once lived a life of shame.
• 彼の身代はもとを洗えば只取った金だ（泥棒の身代）
  His fortune originally cost him no labour.

8

〈草木の助数詞〉

• ひと本の菊
  a chrysanthemum

副詞

（＝原来）originally; formerly; once:（動詞に訳して）used to （do something）

用例

• 学校はもとは微々たるものであった
  The school was originally a petty affair.

• 彼はもと旗本であった
  He was formerly a banneret.
• もと町奉行を勤めた人だ
  He once held the office of magistrate.
• 僕はもとここに居た
  I used to live here.