英和和英

読み方 ちゅう

名詞

1

（＝極端に対し）the mean; the medium

• （極端に走らず）中をとる
  to take the mean―take the golden mean between two extremes―take the middle course―hit the happy medium―steer between Scylla and Charybdis

2

（＝本の中巻）the second （of three volumes）

形容詞相当語句

Middle; middling; medium; mediocre; indifferent

用例

• 試験の成績は中だ
  The result of his examination is middling.

• あの人の英語はたいして好くも悪くもない、まあ中だ
  His English is neither very good nor very bad, it is of indifferent quality.
• あの人の才は中だ
  He is a mediocre genius―a mediocrity.
• 背は中背だ
  He is of medium height.
• 中肉中背
  She is of medium flesh and height.
• 中等品
  articles of medium quality
• 中型、中判
  medium size
• 中幅
  medium width
• 中年
  middle age
• 中流
  the middle class
• 中学校
  the middle school

前置詞相当語句

1

During

用例

• 戦争中
  during the war

• 試験中
  during the examination
• 暑中
  during the summer
• 寒中
  during the winter
• 病気中
  during my illness
• 不在中
  during my absence
• 滞在中
  during my stay

2

During; in

用例

• 病気中
  during my illness （＝while I was ill）―in my illness （＝when I was ill） ［注意］“During”は「時」に重きを置き、“in”はその「状態」に重きを置く。

• 病気中、学校を休んだ
  I absented myself from school during my illness―while I was ill.
• 病気中はお世話になりました
  You were good to me in my illness―when I was ill.
• 不在中は弟が代理します
  My brother will take my place during my absence―while I am absent.
• 不在中の出来事で詳しいことは知らぬ
  I do not know the particulars, for it happened in my absence―when I was absent.

3

During; on

用例

• 旅行中
  while on a journey （“to go on a journey 旅行に行く”より出た表現）

• 彼は支那へ旅行中に知り合いになった
  I made his acquaintance while on a journey in China.
• 親父は旅行中で不在です
  My father is away on a journey.
• 夫は航海中で不在です
  My husband is away on a voyage.
• 彼は渡航中に死んだ
  He died on the passage―during the passage.

4

In; during; through; throughout

用例

• 暑中
  （一般の暑中は）―in summer―（この暑中は）―during the summer―（暑中通じては）―through the summer―all through the summer―throughout the summer

• 暑中は海水浴へ行く人が多い
  Many people go to the seaside in summer.
• 暑中は旅行します
  I shall go on a journey during the summer.
• 暑中は樺太へ行きました
  I went to Saghalien during the summer.
• 僕は暑中はぶっ通して東京に居た
  I stayed in Tokyo（all） through the summer―throughout the summer.
• 冬期中は温泉へ行く人が多い
  Many people go to the hot springs in winter.
• 冬期中は熱海へ行った
  I went to Atami during the winter.
• 冬期中熱海に居った
  I stayed at Atami （all） through the winter―throughout the winter.
• そこは年中花が咲いていた
  Flowers bloom there through the year―throughout the year―all the year round.
• 夜中火事が続いた
  The fire lasted through the night―throughout the night―all the night through―all night.

5

During; pending

用例

• 試験中
  （試験の続く間は）―during the examination―（試験のすまぬ間は、答案を出すまでは）―pending the examination

• 彼は試験中に病気になった
  He fell ill during the examination.
• 試験中は生徒に参考書を許さぬ
  The students are not allowed to consult any books pending the examination.
• 公判中は（判決になるまでは）被告に面会を許さぬ
  The prisoner is not allowed to see visitors pending the trial.
• 交渉中は（話の決まるまでは）事業停止
  The work is suspended pending the negotiation.

6

In the course of （the day, the night, the week, the month, etc.）

用例

• 今日中に仕事をしてしまわなければならぬ
  I must get the work finished in the course of the day―before the day is out.

• 今夜中に立退かねばならぬ
  We must leave the place in the course of the night―before the night is out.
• 今週中に準備をしなければならぬ
  The preparations must be made in the course of the week―before the week is out.
• 今月中に金を返さなければならぬ
  The money must be paid in the course of the month―before the month is out―by the end of the month.
• 今年中に普請は落成しますか
  Will the house be completed in the course of the year?―by the end of the year?

7

In the course of; in course of

用例

• 詮議中（に）
  in course of discussion―in the course of discussion

• 問題は今詮議中
  The matter is in course of discussion.
• 詮議中に名論卓説が出た
  Some original remarks were made in the course of discussion.
• 彼は談話中にうまいしゃれを言った
  He made some witty remarks in the course of conversation.

8

In course of; in process of; under

用例

• 家は建築中
  The house is building―in course of construction―in process of construction―under construction.

• 古い家は目下修繕中
  The old house is now under repairs.
• 病人は治療中
  The invalid is under （medical） treatment.
• 機械は試験中
  The machine is in course of examination―in process of examination―under examination.
• 問題は今詮議中
  The matter is in course of discussion―in process of discussion―under discussion.

9

In; on; at

用例

• 授業中の談話はいかん
  No talking in class!

• 職員は授業中
  The teachers are teaching―on duty.
• 一座は食事中
  The company are at table―at dinner―at breakfast―at lunch―at supper.
• ヨーロッパはそのころ戦争中であった
  Europe was then at war.
• 本は印刷中
  The book is printing―in the press.
• 事は進行中
  The thing is going on―in progress.
• （電話は）話し中
  Engaged!
• お話し中お邪魔ですが
  Excuse me for interrupting you, but...

10

All over; throughout

用例

• 英語は世界中に通ずる
  English is spoken all over the world―all the world over.

• 彼の名は日本中に知れ渡っている
  His name is known all over the country―throughout the land.

11

Among; of

用例

• 英国は海軍中第一位を占む
  England is the first among the naval powers―the first of all the naval powers.

• 彼は教員中で一番だ
  He is the first of all the teachers.
• 教員中で一番の学者だ
  She is the best scholar among the teachers.
• 英学者中の錚々たるものだ
  He is prominent among English scholars.

12

In; out of

用例

• 十中の一
  one in ten

• 十中八九
  nine out of ten
• そんな人は十中に一人もない
  There is not one such man in ten.
• 十中八九まではそう言う
  Nine men out of ten will say so.
• こういう人は十中の八九までは堕落する
  In nine cases out of ten,―Ten to one,―such man will go to the bad.

読み方 じゅう

前置詞相当語句

1

［時］Through （the night） ; throughout （the holidays） ; in the course of （the day, etc.）

用例

• 火事は夜じゅう続いた
  The fire lasted through the night―throughout the night―all the night through―all night.

• 僕は休暇中東京に居る
  I shall stay in Tokyo through the holidays―throughout the holidays.
• 頂上には一年中雪がある
  There is snow at the summit all the year round.
• 今日中に、今月中に、今年中に
  in the course of the day―in the course of the month―in the course of the year
• 今日中に仕事をすます
  I will get the work finished in the course of the day―before the day is out.
• 今夜中に立ちのかなければならぬ
  We must leave the place in the course of the night―before the night is out.
• 今週中に準備せんけりゃならぬ
  Preparations must be made in the course of the week―before the week is over.
• 今月中に金を返さなければならぬ
  The money must be paid in the course of the month―before the month is over.
• 今年中にある
  It will happen in the course of the year―before the year is over.
• 僕はこの間中不在であった
  I was away from home for some time back.

2

［場所］All over （the town） ; throughout （the land）

用例

• 彼の名は日本国中に知れわたっている
  His name is known all over the country―throughout the land.

• 英語は世界中に通ずる
  English is spoken all over the world―all the world over.
• 風説が東京中に広まった
  The rumour has spread all over the town.
• 家の中じゅう探した
  I have looked all over the house.
• この本は東京中に無い
  This book is not to be had in all Tokyo.
• 日本国中にまたと無い品だ
  Its fellow is not to be found in all Japan.
• 家中一面の火となった
  The whole house was in a blaze.
• 身体中｛からだじゅう｝
  all over （the body）
• 彼は身体中いれずみをしている
  He is tattooed all over.

読み方 なか

名詞

1

（＝内部）the interior; the inside

用例

• 家の中を見たか
  Have you seen the inside of the house'

• 家の中は真暗だ
  It is dark in the house.
• 洞の中まで捜した
  The cave was searched.
• おなかが空いた
  （直訳すれば）My honourable inside is empty―（意訳すれば）―I am hungry.
• 中になにも入っていない
  I find nothing inside.
• 中へ入る
  to go in
• 中から出て来る
  to come out

2

（＝真中）the middle

用例

• 家が三軒あって中の家がお尋ねになる家です
  There are three houses, and the middle one is the one you want.

• 百円に売る、五十円に買う中を取って七十五円にしよう
  Let us split the difference, and make it seventy-five yen.
• 中指
  the middle finger

前置詞相当語句

（中に）in （a house）; inside （the door）; within （the walls）; （some） of （them）:（中へ）into （a room）:（中から）out of （the house）:（二人の中に）between （the two）:（三人以上の中に）among （many）:（多くの中に混じって）among （friends）:（異分子の中に取りまかれて）amidst （enemies）:（中を通って）through （a place）

用例

• ポケットの中の財布を探った
  I felt for my purse in my pocket.

• 彼は人込みの中に見えなくなった
  He was lost in the crowd.
• 彼は入口の中に立っておった
  He was standing inside the door.
• 家の中で遊べ
  Play within doors!
  Play indoors!
• 洞の中へ入ってみた
  I went into the cave―entered the cavern.
• その手紙を火の中へ投げ込んだ
  I threw the letter into the fire.
• 煙の中から現れた姿があった
  A figure appeared out of the smoke.
• 二人の中に子ができた
  They had a child between them.
• 二人の中に入る、二人の中に立つ（仲人、仲裁をする）
  to go between―mediate between―intervene between―two parties
• 多くの生徒の中には不良少年もいるだろう
  Among so many students, there must be some bad boys.
• あまた詩人のある中で私が惚れたは只一人
  Among other poets, there is only one I love
  Byron.
• 味方の中にいるから安心だ
  We are safe, for we are among friends.
• 敵の中にいるから油断ができぬ
  We must be on our guard, for we are amidst enemies.
• その中には学者もある
  Some of them are scholars.
• 君達の中に欲しい人があるか
  Does any of you want it?
• 雨の中を歩いて来た
  I had to walk it in the rain.
• 雪の中を歩いて来た
  I had to walk it through the snow.
• 嵐の中を歩いて来た
  I had to walk it amidst the storm.
• この中から一つ（三つ）選べ
  Choose one （three） out of the number.
• 多くの中から選ぶ
  to choose from among many
• 彼は兄弟の中で一番才子だ
  He is the cleverest among the brothers―the cleverest of all the brothers.
• その中で一番に古い
  He is the oldest among them―the oldest of them all.
• その中で一番に学問ができる
  He is the best scholar among them.