出典:Wiktionary
From Middle English participle, from Old French participle (1388), variant of participe, from Latin participium.
participle (複数形 participles)
Contemporary English constructs the perfect, progressive and progressive perfect aspects, and the passive voice from participles and auxiliary verbs. The tense is always expressed through the auxiliary verb.
When not combined with have or be, participles are almost always adjectives and can form adjectival phrases called participial phrases. Nouns can occasionally be derived from these adjectives:
In English, participles typically end in -ing, -ed or -en.
A present participle ending in -ing has the same form but a different function from a verbal noun called a gerund. Sometimes a present participle (adjective) is mistakenly called a gerund (noun).
the present participle
subjectification