英和和英

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/07/16 16:09 UTC 版)

英語による解説

引用

Eyewitness memory refers to episodic memories that occur most frequently to the witness of crimes and dramatic events. These witness testimonies are highly relied upon in the judicial system. However, their validity is sometimes questioned due to the many influences that may take part in creating and maintaining these memories. Many experts have accumulated evidence suggesting that eyewitness memory is volatile (Loftus, 1980). Variability in eyewitness memories can be influenced by episodic memory systems, photographic memory, age, facial recognition, and various factors including confidence, interference, and mental state. It has long been speculated that mistaken eyewitness identification plays a major role in wrongful conviction of otherwise innocent individuals. A growing body of research now supports this, and some research indicates that mistaken eyewitness identification accounts for more convictions of the innocent than all other factors combined. Other causes can include, but are not limited to, poorly trained interrogators or forensic scientists, human error in forensics, false confessions, unreliable jailhouse informants, inadequate defense, prosecutorial misconduct, and tampering or withholding police evidence.