Wiktionary英語版
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herba
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/04 20:14 UTC 版)
語源
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-dʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow, become green”), and compared to grāmen (“grass, turf”) and English grass. However, De Vaan is skeptical of this derivation, preferring the variant *ǵʰreh₁-, noting that *gʰer-dʰ cannot be derived from this *ǵʰreh₁-, and leaves the origin open.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈhɛr.ba]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛr.ba]
名詞
herba f (genitive herbae); first declension
- grass, herbage
- herb
- weeds
- plant
語形変化
First-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | herba | herbae |
| genitive | herbae | herbārum |
| dative | herbae | herbīs |
| accusative | herbam | herbās |
| ablative | herbā | herbīs |
| vocative | herba | herbae |
同意語
- (grass, herb): grāmen
派生語
- herbāceus
- herbāns
- herbāria
- herbārium
- herbārius
- herbāticus
- herbeus
- herbidus
- herbifer
- herbilis
- herbipotēns
- herbitum
- herbōsus
- herbula
- herbuscula
派生した語
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: erba
- Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: earbã, iarbã
- Istro-Romanian: iorbe
- Megleno-Romanian: iarbă, i̯arbă
- Romanian: iarbă
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Corsican: erba, arba
- Dalmatian: iarba, jarba
- Istriot: gièrba, yerba
- Italian: erba
- → Sicilian: erba
- Neapolitan: erva, ereva, eriva, evra, evera
- Sicilian: erva, èriva, jerva, ierva
- Venetan: èrba
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: jerbe
- Romansh: erva, earva, erba, jarva
- Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: êrba
- Ligurian: èrba
- Lombard: erba, èrba (Milanese)
- Piedmontese: erba
- Romagnol: erba, érba (central)
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: hèrba
- Old French: erbe
- Bourguignon: harbe
- Champenois: harbe
- Franc-Comtois: hérbe
- French: herbe
- Haitian Creole: zèb
- Gallo: arb
- Lorrain: hèbe
- Norman: herbe
- Picard: iérpe
- Poitevin-Saintongeais: érbe
- Walloon: yebe
- → Middle English: herbe, eerbe, erbe, ȝerbe, oerbe, yerbe
- English: herb (dialectal yerb)
- Scots: herb, yerb
- → Volapük: yeb
- Occitano-Romance:
- Old Catalan: erba
- Catalan: herba
- Old Occitan: erba
- Occitan: èrba
- Old Catalan: erba
- Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: yerba
- Old Galician-Portuguese: erva
- Galician: herba
- Portuguese: erva
- Kabuverdianu: erba
- Old Leonese: erva
- Asturian: yerba, herba
- Extremaduran: yerba
- Leonese: yerba, herba
- Mirandese: yerba
- Old Spanish: yerva, yerua
- Ladino: yerva
- Spanish: hierba, yerba
- Papiamentu: yerba
- Sabir: gerba
- → English: yerba
- →? Volapük: yeb
- Borrowings:
- → Esperanto: herbo
- Ido: herbo
- → Interlingua: herba
- → Esperanto: herbo
参照
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “herba”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282
Further reading
- “herba”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “herba”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "herba", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “herba”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- herba in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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